y 


\/- 


y  t.-'-i 


■\y 


1^ 


y-i 


t  ,r 


TOTVi^S  iiiNA:LYSIS 


iff 


OF    THE 


D  E  R  I  V  A  T  I  V  E    i^V  O  R  D  S 


IN    luL 


\5 

\ 


ENCtLISH  LAi\GU.a  gE;  | 


OR 


i 


i 


A  KCY  TO  THEIR  ?flECi5bZ.ANALY Tic  .^f^rmiTIONS, 
3?r  PI^FIXES  AN^^  SU^FIXi^S:      * 


■^ 


Designad  to  furnish  an  i.^ry  a.:a  EApetlitious  Method  of  Acquiring  a  Kn  ji-Wd^e 

-f  Dori^vatix  o  Woe.  i.  'rum  a  Knowledge  Of  their  corapoiient  Parta.  ^.   S 


Kf. 


I 


BY  SALEM  TOWN,  L.  L.  D. 

»    50«I»  EDITION, 

CAEEFULLY   REVISED,   ENLARGED,    AND  ADAPTED  TO   SCHOOLS 

OF    \I.L    GRADES. 


Ill 


"'1 

I 


Ml 


BUFFALO: 
1^'UELISHED    EY    PIIINNEY    &;    CO. 


\  1 


-v<:;";.-^:>:".r.'ar5.' 


•^^T3SE?aB*.i'fcEs.?  rT  .j^'2 


University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


T^ 


« 


^^ 


t 


^"^       ANALYSIS  ^*\ 


OF 


DERIVATIVE    WORDS 


THE 


ENGLISH  LANGUAGE 

OR, 

A  KEY  TO  THEIR  PRECISE  ANALYTIC  DEFINITIONS. 
BY  PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES: 

BY   SALEM' TOWN",  LL.D.. 

1.  4   |k   CAREFULLY    REVISED,    AMD    ADAPTED    TO    SCHO9LS 
W   W>i^  OF    ALL    GUADES. 


BUFFALO: 
PUBLISHED    BY    PHINNEY'    &    CO. 


1854. 


I 


.»    ». 


.v'^" 


-4 

-  J    ■     0, 

'     4 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1852, 

Bt  SALEM  TOWN, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in  and  for  the  North 

ern  District  of  New  York. 


r^ 


STERF.OTYI'ED    BY   C.   C.   SAVAGE 

13  CUamhers  Street,  N.  Y. 


PREFACE. 


The  first  edition  of  this  -work  was  the  first  effort  of  the  author,  and 
it  is  believed  to  be  the^rs^  attempt  to  present  the  component  parts  of 
JEnglish  derivative  words,  in  tJieir  distinctive  character,  and  exhibit 
their  combination  in  any  thing  like  system.  The  practicability  of  the 
work  had  been  under  consideration^  and  the  materials  principally 
collected,  many  years  before  the  plan  was  fully  carried  out.  The  first 
edition  was  at  length  presented,  and  has  fairly  settled  the  question  as 
to  the  im])ortance  of  the  plan  proposed,  and  the  coui'se  to  be  pursued 
in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  derivative  words. 

This  revised  edition  is  now  submitted  to  the  public,  with  what  are 
believed  to  be  valuable  improvements.  The  work  has  now  been  in  use 
in  its  printed  form  seventeen  years ;  and,  during  that  period,  experience 
has  suggested  the  improvements  carried  out  in  this  revision.  The 
most  important  of  these,  consists  in  a  simplification,  better  adapted  to 
the  capacities  of  children.*  To  accomplish  this  object,  it  became 
necessary  to  re-write  and  re-arrange  the  whole.  The  same  words, 
however,  are  retained  in  the  body  of  the  work  which  are  found  in  the 
former  editions. 

The  examples  accompanying  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  are  so  multi- 
plied, as  to  give  a  more  enlarged  comprehension  of  the  manner  of 
defining ;  and  the  characters  showing  derivative  combinations,  are 
mostly  changed,  and  it  is  thought,  much  for  the  better. 

The  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  their  significant  characters,  are  so 
arrange<l  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  mistakes  in  derivative  forma- 
tions, unless  by  inexcusable  carelessness  on  the  part  of  pupils,  or  inat- 
tention to  the  rules  and  directions  given. 

Nothing  can  give  such  force  to  the  significant  import  of  words  as 
their  analysis ;  and  nothing  can  relieve  the  memory  from  so  great  a 
task  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  language,  as  familiarity  with  those 
component  parts  which  are  common  to  so  many  thousand  words,  and, 

*  The  author  acknovvledajes  some  valualjle  su2:gsstions  from  Speucer  Smith,  Esq., 
of  St^  Louis,  Mo.,  and  Prof.  Kenyou,  of  western  New  York. 


4  HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS. 

at  the  same  time,  characterize  their  analytic  signification.  It  is  a  de- 
velopment of  this  principle,  with  its  systematic  application,  which  haa 
given  such  celebrity  to  this  little  work. 

The  fact  is  well  known  to  classical  scholars,  that  the  primitive  words 
in  our  language  are  comparatively  few,  and  of  the  simplest  order,  such 
as  almost  every  child  of  ten  years  old  knows.  It  is  when  these  simple 
words  grow  iip  into  their  derivative,  compound,  and  complex  forms, 
that  the  child  loses  sight  of  their  import,  and  simply,  because  he  is 
ignorant  of  their  component  parts. 

The  principles  on  which  this  work  is  executed,  are  interwoven  with, 
and  fundamental  to,  a  critical  knowledge  of  every  langxiage.  Hence, 
it  is  the  undivided  opinion  of  the  most  competent  judges,  that  an 
English  scholar,  thoroughly  versed  in  this  system,  will,  so  far  as  lan- 
guage is  concerned,  secure  to  himself  many  important  advantages^ 
which  the  classical  scholar  alone  has  heretofore  enjoyed. 

This  work  is  now  sent  out  with  an  arrangement  so  simplified,  as  to 
render  it  doubly  beneficial,  especially  to  younger  classes  of  pupils,  and 
at  the  same  time,  not  less  interesting  and  valuable  to  those  of  all  ages, 
who  desire  a  niore  critical  knowledge  of  the  analysis  of  words  of  which 
our  language  is  composed. 

May  15tfi,  1852. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS. 

The"  author  of  the  Analysis  has  in  so  many  instances  been  asked  by 
literary  gentlemen,  what  Jirst  led  him  to  examine  English  words  by 
prefixes  and  suffixes,  and  make  a  general  application  of  the  abstract 
signification  of  those  component  parts  for  defining,  that  he  considers  a 
brief  statement  of  the  facts  not  inappropriate. 

As  Principal  of  Granville  Academy,  he  had  taught  the  classics  in  the 
usual  mode  from  1807  till  1822;  and,  having  witnessed  the  difficulties 
with  which  scholars  meet  in  the  commencement  of  those  studies,  in 
tracing  Latin  and  Greek  derivatives  to  the  rada-;^.l  word,  he  was 
induced  to  believe  some  method  could  be  devised  for  tl!"ir  benefit. 

A  careful  analysis,  therefore,  of  every  compound  ai.l  derivative 
word,  occurring  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  lessons,  was  commenced  and 
continued  in  the  recitations  of  those  classes,  by  means  of  which  the 
stiitlents  soon  became  al)le  to  distinguish  the  component  part.-  of  such 
words,  and  thereby  find  the  root.  This  method  was  attended  n-il)!  a 
good  degree  of  success,  and  found  greatly  to  facilitate  scholars  in  the 


HISTORY    OF    THE    ANALYSIS.  5 

acquisition  of  those  languages.  Soon,  however,  it  occurred  to  the 
author,  that  the  same  course  might,  perhaps,  be  pursued  in  gaining  a 
more  accurate  knowledge  of  English  derivatives. 

This  suggestion  led  to  an  investigation  of  the  subject,  and  finally 
resulted  in  the  effort  of  collecting  and  defining  what  (ire  termed  prefxes 
and  mffixes,  as  the  modifiers  of  the  significant  import  of  radical  words. 

The  work  of  collecting  materials  for  a  book,  was  pursued  at  intervals, 
between  1822-4.  1\\e  prefixes,  being  in  the  main  Greek,  Latin,  and 
Saxon  prepositions,  were  not  difficult  to  classify  and  define ;  but  many 
of  the  suffixes  required  much  labor,  as  well  as  patient  examination,  to 
arrive  at  a  common  definition,  which  might  render  them  common, 
definers. 

This  was  finally  accomplished  by  collating  words  of  the  same  termi- 
nations, frequently  amounting  to  some  hundreds  in  each  of  the  more 
difficult  classes,  and  tb.en  searching  for  such  defining  expression  or 
phrase,  as  might  be  applied  to  all  words  having  a  similar  termination, 
which  is  a  regular  siijfix. 

Most  of  the  original  papers  are  still  in  existence,  with  the  prefixes 
and  sufiixes  arranged  and  defined,  as  they  now  stand  in  the  first  edi- 
tion. Moreover,  there  are  a  large  number  of  individuals  now  living, 
who  learned  the  prefixes  and  suffixes,  with  the  mode  of  defining,  from 
the  w*ord  Press,  copied  fron  the  original  manuscript,  and  pasted  on  the 
walls  in  the  recitation  room  of  Granville  Academy,  as  early  as  1825, 
with  a  view  of  testing  this  mode  of  defining. 

In  1827,  the  principles  and  application  of  the  entire  system  were 
made  a  regular  study  in  Powelton  Academy,  Georgia,  over  which  the 
author  then  presided.  In  1831,  the  whole  plan,  with  specimens  of  its 
parts,  was  commxmicated  to  the  Rev.  Dr.  Davis,  former  President  of 
Hamilton  College,  who  caused  the  same  to  be  read  before  a  State  Con- 
vention of  Teachers,  then  assembled  in  Utica ;  and  in  1835,  the  first 
edition,  in  its  printed  form,  was  presented  to  the  public. 

And  now,  in  conclusion,  the  author  would  remark,  that  previous  to 
his  preparation  of  this  work,  he  had  neither  seen  nor  heard  of  any 
publication  whatever,  involving  the  essential  principles  of  his  plan, 
nor  had  the  learned  professors  in  our  colleges,  several  of  whom  were 
consulted,  any  knowledge  of  such  a  work  in  the  language ;  and,  at  the 
present  time,  he  has  no  knowledge  of  any  work  approximating  it,  of 
an  earlier  date  than  "  Butler's  Etymological  Spelling  Book,"  published 
in  London  in  1829,  from  which  the  "Scholar's  Companion"  was  com- 
piled, and  published  in  Philadelphia,  in  1835. 

These  facts  are  here  stated  merely  to  show  when  and  how  the  work 
was  commenced,  carried  forward,  tested,  and  finally  brought  to  ita 
present  state. 

1* 


CONTENTS. 


Explanation  of  Primitive  and  Derivative  Words, page  7 

Caution,  and  Important  Explanations, 8 

Explanation  of  the  Prefixes, 9 

Prefixes  of  Latin  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified, 10 

Prefixes  of  Greek  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified, 24 

Prefixes  of  Saxon  Origin  Defined  and  Exemplified 30 

Synopsis  of  the  Latin  Prefixes, 32 

Synopsis  of  the  Greek  Prefixes, 34 

Classification  of  Prefixes, 36 

An  Exercise  in  Applying  the  Definition  of  Prefixes, 38 

Explanation  of  Suffixes,  and  the  Suffixes  Defined  and  Exemplified,  40 

Synopsis  of  the  Suffixes, 52 

Rules  for  Forming  Derivative  Words, 53 

An  Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  by  Suffixes, 56 

Classification  of  Suffixes, 68 

Special  Rules  for  Forming  Derivatives  by  Prefixes 60 

Manner  of  Defining  by  Prefixes  and  Suffixes, 61 

The  Different  Import  of  Certain  Prefixes, 63 

An  Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  by  Prefixes, 65 

An  Exercise  in  Defining  by  Prefixes, 66 

Explanation  of  the  Arrangement  and  Characters, 68 

Exercise  in  Forming  Derivatives  without  Defining TO 

Explanation,  and  Exercises  in  Forming  and  Defining  Derivatives,  72 

The  Word  Press  and  Eighty-Three  Derivatives, "  76 

Primitive  Words  of  One  Sylhible, 78 

Primil  ive  Words  of  Two  Syllables, 82 

Primitive  Words  of  Three  Syllables, 97 

Primitive  Words  of  Tlu'ee  and  Four  Syllables 102 

Defining  by  the  Use  of  Two  Prefixes, Ill 

Defining  by  tlie  Use  of  Three  Prefixes, 123 

Special  Directions  for  Combining  Dex'ivatives, 128 

Inseparable  Prefixes 133 

Primitive  Words  iiaving  an  Inseparable  Prefix, 134 

Cliemical  Imjunt  of  certain  Suffixes  and  Prefixes, 152 

General  and  Special  Rules  for  Pronouncing  the  English  Language,  153 

Origin  of  eome  of  the  Prefixes  and  Sufiixea, 158 


SECTION  I. 

EXPLANATION    OF    PRIMITIVE    AND    DERIVATIVE    WORDS. 

1.  Primitive  words  are  such  as  can  be  reduced  to  no 
fewer  letters  than  what  are  then  expressed,  and  still  remain 
significant  English  words  ;  as,  Man,  Fame,  House,  Sense. 

2.  Derivative  words  are  such  as  are  formed  from  the 
primitives  by  the  addition  of  other  letters  or  syllables  ;  as, 
from  the  preceding  primitive  words,  we  thus  form  the  deriv- 
atives, Manly,  Defamation,  Houseless,  and  Insensibility. 

3.  A  compound  word  is  composed  of  two  or  more  distinct 
words  ;  as,  Sugar-maple,  Over-load,  Common-place-book. 

4.  The  root  of  a  word  is  that  part  which  belongs  exclu' 
sively  to  the  primitive  form,  and  is  not  combined  with  any 
other  word,  syllable,  or  letter  ;  as,   press. 

In  this  work,  all  such  words  of  Latin  origin,  as  Abdicate, 
Convene,  Adhere,  &c.,  so  far  as  our  language  is  concerned, 
will  be  taken  as  primitives ;  yet  the  classical  scholar  will 
perceive  that  they  are  not  such  in  the  language  whence  they 
are  derived.  Some  other  words  also  will  be  inserted  which 
are  not  piimitives. 

Those  parts  which  are  added  to  a  primitive  word,  we 
shall  call  prefixes  and  suffixes  ;  and,  as  the  primitive  has  at 
least  one  appropriate  meaning,  all  the  varieties  of  significa- 
tion which  arise  from  additions  in  any  way  made  to  such 
primitive,  must  depend  exclusively  on  those  parts  added. 
Hence,  when  all  the  prefixes  and  suffixes  in  the  language 
are  known,  nothing  remains  but  to  acquire  the  meaning  of 
the  primitives  to  understand  tho  whole  language,  so  far  as 
those  component  parts  are  concerned  in  modifying  the  im- 
port of  words. 


8  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  II. 

CAUTION. 

In  applying  the  following  rules  in  this  book,  it  must  be 
remembered,  their  application  is  confined  exclusively  to  de- 
rivative words.  When  any  of  those  combinations  of  letters 
called  prefixes  and  suffixes,  constitute  an  essential  part  of  a 
primitive  word,  they  are  then  neither  prefixes  nor  suffixes, 
and  do  not  come  under  the  rules  of  Analysis  nor  Definition; 
as,  'ess,'  in  Bless,  'ate,'  in  Climate,  '  ish,'  in  Lavish,  'ment,' 
in  Torment,  '  em,'  in  Embers,  '  bi,'  in  Bias,  '  un,'  in  Under. 


The  following  explanations  ought  to  be  thoroughly  under- 
stood, by  both  teachers  and  pupils  : 

1.  When  the  analysis  of  the  word  requires  it,  the  entire 
prefix,  whether  consisting  of  one  letter,  or  one  or  more 
syllables,  is  separated  from  the  root  by  a  comma ;  thus, 
Dis,please,  Il,legal,  A, vert,  Circum,vent. 

2.  In  many  instances,  by  dividing  the  word  into  its  proper 
syllables,  the  first  letter  of  the  root  must  be  joined  to  the 
prefix,  in  order  to  complete  a  syllable,  and  lead  to  a  correct 
accentuation  of  the  word.  In  such  cases,  the  common  char- 
acter of  accentuation  marks  the  letter ;  thus,  in  Bene,volent, 
Geo,graphy,  Dia,meter,  bene,  geo,  and  dia,  are  prefixes ;  volenti 
graphy,  and  meter,  are  roots.  To  spell  these  words  by  sylla- 
bles, the  first  letter  of  each  root  is  joined  to  its  prefix,  and 
accented;  thus,  Be-nev^-o-lent,  Ge-og^-ra-phy,  Di-am^-e-ter ; 
usually  completing  the  syllable  with  the  very  letter  on  which 
the  accent  falls. 

3.  In  all  similar  cases,  when  one  or  more  letters  of  the 
root  must  combine  with  the  prefix  to  form  a  syllable  and 
show  the  accent,  the  mark  of  the  accent  is  over  such  letter; 
thus,   Bene,v^olent,   Geo,g'raphy,  Dia,m'eter. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


SECTION    III. 
EXPLANATION    OF    THE    PREFIXES. 

1.  A  Prefix  is  a  letter,  syllable,  or  word,  added  to  the 
beginning  of  some  other  word,  to  vary  or  modify  its  primitive 
signification ;  thus, 

Theist,  implies  a  person  who  believes  in  the  existence  of 
a  God  ;  but  prefix  <?,  and  it  becomes  Atheist,  implying  one 
who  does  not  believe  in  the  existence  of  a  God. 

Again,  possible  means  that  which  can  be  done  ;  but  prefix 
im,  and  it  becomes  z'wpossible,  implying  what  can  not  be  done. 

2.  A  separable  prefix  is  that  part  of  a  word  which  may  be 
taken  from  the  primitive  root,  and  still  leave  a  significant 
English  word  ;   as,  from  impress,  im  may  be  thus  taken. 

3.  An  inseparable  prefix  is  such  a  combination  of  a  word, 
syllable,  or  letter,  with  the  mot,  that  as  an  English  word,  a 
separation  of  the  parts  would  destroy  the  English  significa- 
tion of  both ;  as,  depute,  which,  in  Latin,  is  composed  of  dcj 
and  puto  ;  but  in  English  they  may  not  be  separated. 

The  analytic  definition  of  the  root,  with  its  prefix,  is  com- 
monly given  in  such  examples,  as  would  seem  to  be  of  ma- 
terial benefit  to  English  scholars.  In  all  such  cases,  the  root 
and  its  prefix  are  italicized. 

Some  entire  words  are  occasionally  used  as  prefixes. 

Teachers  are  specially  requested  to  confine  their  pupils 
to  the  prefixes  and  svfiixes,  till  these  component  parts  are 
learned  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  When  this  point  is 
gained,  the  whole  work  is  A'irtually  mastered. 

The  following  are  the  principal  prefixes  in  our  language, 
influencing  the  meaning  of  words.  They  are  printed  in 
small  CAPS,  and  their  definitions  in  italics. 


10  '  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

PREFIXES    OF    LATIN    ORIGIN    DEFINED    AND    EXEMPLIFIED. 

A,*  AB,  ABS — denote  from  ;  away  from  ;  separation. 

EXAMPLES. 

A,vert,  to  turn  from.     Derived  from  verto,  to  turn ;  and 
a,  from. 

Ab,solve,  to  loose,  or  free  from.     Solvo,  to  loose ;  ah,  from. 

Abjduce,  to  lead  from.     Duco,  to  lead  ;   ab,  from. 

Ab,scind,  to  rend  off,  or  from.     Scindo,  to  rend;  ab,  from. 

AbSjtract,  to  draw  from.      Traho,  to  draw  ;  abs,  from. 

Abs,tain,  to  hold  from.      Teneo,  to  hold  ;  abs,  from. 

Abs,cond,  to  conceal yrom.      Condo,  to  conceal;  abs  from.f 
ADJ; — denotes  to  ;  toward ;  closeness,  or  union. 
AC,  AF,  AG,  AL,  AN,  AP,  AR,  AS,  AT,  denote  the  same  as  ad. 

Ad,join,  to  join  to.     Derived   from  jungo,  to  join  ;    and 

Ad,vert,  to  turn  the  mind  to.      Verto,  to  turn.  \ad,  to. 

AcjCede^  to  yield  to.      Ccdo,  to  yield  ;  ac,  to. 

Af,fix,  to  fix  to.     Figo,  to  fix  ;  of  to. 

Ag,grieve,  to  give  pain,  or  sorrow  to 

Aljlude,  to  refer  to.     Ludo,  to  play  ;  al,  to. 

An,nex,  to  tie,  or  link  to.     Necto,  to  link  ;  an,  to. 

*  A,  serves  as  a  prefix  to  many  English  words,  having  a  signification 
nearly  equivalent  to  in,  on,  at ;  as,  afoot,  on  foot ;  abed,  in  bed ;  afar, 
at  a  distance,  &c. 

•j-  The  defining  phraseology  need  not  be  restricted  to  the  word  from, 
but  may  vary  in  any  manner  whieh  implies  separation,  or  taking 
away;  as,  abbreviate,  to  sliortcn,  or  abridge;  abrasion,  the  act  of 
wearing,  or  rubbing  off,  &c. 

\  D,  is  changed  for  c,  f,  g,  1,  n,  p,  r,  p,  or  t,  before  a  corresponding 
letter,  for  the  sake  of  euphony  and  ease  of  utterance.  Instead  of  say- 
ing adcecU,  adjix,  we  say  accede,  ajix,  <fec 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  *  11 

Ap,pend,  to  Lang  to.     Pendco,  to  hang  ;  ap,  to. 

Ar,rogate,  to  lay  claim  to.     Rogo  to  ask  ;  ar,  to.      [as,  to. 

AsjSume,  to  take  to,  or  upon  one's  self.      Sumo,  to  take; 

At,tain,  to  come  to,  or  arrive  at.      Tango,  to  reach  ;  at,  to. 

Atjtend,  to  give  the  mind  to,      Tendo,  to  stretch  ;  at,  to.* 
AMBi — denotes  both.     From  ambo, 

Ambi.dexter,  usirg  both  hands  equally  well. 
AMB,  /MPHi — denote  around,  or  two. 

Amb,ient,   surrounding.     Derived  from  am  and  iens. 

Amb,ig''uous,  having  two  meanings  ;  doubtful. 

Amphi,theater,  a  circular  building. 

Amphi,b'ious,  able  to  live  in  two  elements. 
iNTE — denotes  before,  in  time,  place,  or  rank. 

Ante,date,  to  date  before  the  true  time. 

Ante, cedent,  going  before,  in  reference  to  time. 

Ante,diluvian,  one  who  lived  before  the  flood. 

Ante,room,  ih.e  front  or  frst  room. 

Ante-nuptial,  before  marriage. 

Ante,past,  3,  foretaste. 
iNT,  ANTi — denote  opposite,  opposed,  or  against, 

Anti, Christ,  the  great  opposer  of  Christ. 

Anti,pode,  one  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  globe. 

Anti, dotal,  good  against  the  effects  of  poison. 

Anti,p''athy,  opposition  in  feelings  ;  dislike. 

Antijth^-esis,  contrast ;  opposition  of  words. 

Ant,arctic,  a  circle  opposite  to  the  arctic  circle. 
BENE — denotes  good,  or  well. 

Bene,factor,  a  doer  o^  good. 

*  The  defining  phrase  need  not  include  the  word  to,  if  couched  in 
Buch  language  as  implies  addition,  corresponding  with  the  sense  of  the 
word  to  be  defined;  as,  applaud,  to  praise,  which  is  the  same  as,  to 
give  praise  to. 


12  ANALYSIS     Ol      THE 

Bene,v^olent,  having  a  disposition  to  do  good.     Derived 
from  volens,  wishing  ;   and  bene,  good. 

Bene,fit,  an  act  of  kindness  ;  good  done. 

Bene,diction,  a  blessing  ;  speaking  good  words. 
Bi,  BIS — denote  lico. 

BijSect,  to  cut  into  two  parts.      Scctus,  cut. 

Bi,ennial,  happening  once  in  tiuo  years. 

Bi,g''amy,  having  two  husbands,  or  two  wives  at  a  time. 

Bi,form,  having  two  forms. 

Bi,ped,  a  bird  or  animal  having  two  feet. 

Bis,cuit,  cake  hard  baked.      Derived  from  bis^  twice  ;  and 
cuit,  baked. 
CIS — denotes  on  this  side. 

Cis,alpine,  on  this  side  the  Alps,    as  from  Rome. 

Cis,padane,  on  this  side  the  Po,  a  river  in  Italy. 
CEXTU,  CENTi,  CEN'T — denote  a  hundred. 

Centu,plicate,  to  make   a  hundred  fold.     From  plico,  to 
fold  ;  and  ceiitu,  a  hundred. 

Cent,en'nial,  occurring  once  in  a  hundred  yesirs, 

Centi,folious,  having  a  hiatdred  leaves. 

Centi,ped,  applied  to  insects  having  many  feet. 
CONTRA,  coNTRO,  COUNTER — dcnotc  opjjosition  to,or  against. 

Contra,dict,  to  oppose  by  words.     Dico,  to  speak  ;  contra^ 


agamst. 


Contra,position,  a  placing  over  against.     Pono,  to  place  ; 

contra,  against. 
ContrOjVersy,  opposition  by  words  ;  a  dispute.      Versus,  a 

turning ;  contm,  against. 
Counter,attraction,  opposite  attraction.      Traho,  to  draw  ; 

counter,  opposite  to, 
Counter,act,  to  act  in  opposition  to  ;  to  impede. 
Couiiter,balance,  to  weigh  against  with  equal  weight. 


ENGLISH    LA  XGU  AGE.  13 

CON* — denotes  with ;  joined  with,  or  together. 

CO,  COG,  COM,  COL,  COR,  havc  the  same  import  as  con. 

Co,hesion,  the  act  of  sticking  together.     Hereo,  to  stick ; 
CO,  together. 

Co,operate,  to  act,  or  operate  jointly  with  another. 

Cog,nate,  allied  by  blood  ;  related.     Natus,  born. 

Colject,  to  bring  together  into  one  body,  or  place. 

Col,late,  to  lay  together,  and  compare. 

Coljlapse,  to  fall  together,  as  the  two  sides  of  a  vessel. 

Com,bine,  to  unite,  or  join  things  together. 

Com,press,  to  press  together  by  external  force.       [gether. 

Con,vene,  to    come    together.      Venio,  to    come  ;    con,  to- 

Con,fliient,  flowing  together.      Fluo,  to  flow  ;  con,  together. 

Con,federate,  to  vnite  in  a  league,  or  by  treaty. 

Cor,rugate,  to  wrinkle.     Ruga,  to  gather  ;  cor,  together. 
ciRCUM — denotes  around;  about. 

Circum,navigate,  to  sail  around,  as  by  water. 

Circum,jacent,  lying  around  ;  bordering  on. 

Circum,ambient,  surrounding,  as  the  air. 

Circum,spect,  looking  around ;  prudent. 

Circum,ference,  a  line  that  goes  round  a  circle. 
DE — denotes  from  ;  removing  from ;  depriving  of  or  down. 

De,duce,  to  draw  from,  or  gather  truth.     Duco,  to  draw ; 
de,  from. 

De,grade,  to  reduce  from  a  higher  to  a  lower  rank. 

De,bark,  to  \a,nd  from  a  ship,  or  a  boat. 

De,jected,  cast  down,  as  to  the   countenance.     Jacio,  to 
cast ;  de,  down.   • 

De,fraud,  to  deprive  of  a  right  ;  to  cozen  or  cheat. 

De,obstruct,  to  remove  impediments yrom  a  passage. 

De,parture,  the  act  of  going  away;  remomng  from. 

*  Before  a  vowel  or  li,  n  is  dropped  ;  as,  iu  cohere,  coalesce. 

2 


14  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

De,pose,  to  reduce  from  a  throne,  or  deprive  of  office. 

De,volve,  to  roll  down  on,  or  to  pass  to  another. 

De,molish,  to  throw,  or  pull  doivn  ;  to  destroy. 

De,spoil,  to  ivike  from  by  force  ;  to  deprive  of 

De,fend,  to  drive /ro;??,  or  thrust  hack  ;  to  protect. 
Di,  Dis,  DiF — denote  separating  ;  out  of;  from;  off,  or  want  of. 

Dijvide,  to  part  into  two  or  more  portions. 

Di,vest,  to  strip  off,  as  clothes,  arms,  or  equipage. 

DijVert,  to  turn  off  from  any  course  ;  to  amuse. 

Dis,burse,  to  pay  out,  as  money /row.  a  treasury. 

DiSjlocate,  to  put  out  of  its  proper  place,  as  a  joint. 

Dis,arm,  to  deprive  of  arms,  or  means  of  defense. 

Dis,miss,  to  give  leave  to  depart ;  to  send  away. 

Dis, able,  to  deprive  of  ability,  to  weaken  or  impair. 

Dis,inter,  to  take  out  of  a  grave,  or  out  of  the  earth. 

D if, fuse,  to  pour  out  and  spread,  as  a  fluid. 

Dif,fer,  to  separate  ;  to  disagree.    Fero,  to  bear  ;  dif  apart. 
DUO,  DU — denote  double,  or  two. 

Duo,decimo,  a  book  with  twelve  pages  to  a  sheet.     Decern, 
ten  ;  and  duo,  two,  making  twelve. 

Du,plicate,  a  copy;  two  of  the  same  kind. 

Du,plicity,  douhleness  of  heart,  or  speech  ;  deceit. 
E,  EX,  EF,  EC — denote  out;  out  of ;  from  ;  heyond.         \e,  out. 

E,duce,  to  draw  out;  to  elicit,  or  extract.     DucOj  to  draw  ; 

E, lapse,  to  run  out ;  to  pass  away. 

E,lect,  to  pick  out  from  among  two  or  more. 

EjVade,  to  escape  from  ;  to  avoid  by  dexterity.      Vado,  to 
march  ;  e,  from. 

E, merge,  to  rise  out  of  dt,  fluid  ;  to  issue y?'om. 

Ex,clude,  to  thrust  out ;  to  hinder  from  entering.      Claudo^ 
to  shut  ;  ex,  out. 

EXjhaust,  to  empty,  by  drawing  out  the  whole. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  15 

Ex, cess,  superfluity  beyond  necessary  wants. 

Ef.llux^  the  act  of  flowing  out,  as  in  a  stream.     Fluo^  to 
flow  ;  ef,  out. 

Ef,fulgence,  a  shmmg  forth,  as  with  a  flood  of  light. 

Ef,fervesce,  to  throw  off  vapor,  or  gas,  as  in  boiling. 

Ecjlectic,  a  selecting,  or  choosing y/om. 

Ec,centric,  deviating,  or  departing /rowi  the  center. 

Es,cort,*  a  guard  sent  forth  to  attend  an  officer,  &c. 

EsjCape,  to  Heefrom  and  avoid  ;  to  shun  or  evade. 

Es,chew,  to  ^QQ  from ;  to  shun,  or  avoid  evil. 

Esjtrange,  to  keep  at  a  distance ;  to  withdraw. 
FN,t  EM — denote  in,  or  upon ;  giving  intensity. 

En, courage,  to  inspire  with  more  courage. 

En,lighten,  to  shed  light  on ;  to  increase  the  light 

En,velop,  to  cover  by  znwrapping,  or  folding. 

En, circle,  to  2//close,  or  to  go  round ;  to  surround 

Ein,body,  to  form  into  a  body  ;  to  collect, 

Em,power,  to  give  legal,  or  moral  power  to. 

Em,bolden,  to  give  boldness,  or  courage  to. 

Em,phatic,  uttered  with  greater  force  of  voice- 
EQUi — denotes  equal. 

Equi,lateral,  a  figure  having  equal  sides.     Latus,  a  side. 

Equijlibrium,  equality  of  weight,-or  force. 

EquijV^alent,  equal  in  value,  or  worth. 

Equi,distant,  at  an  equal  distance  from.  [senses. 

Equi,v^ocal,    language     equally    implying    either   of   two 

EquijSonance,  an  equal  sounding. 
EXTRA — denotes  beyond ;  more  than,  or  excess. 

*  Es,  in  some  cases,  has  the  same  import  as  ex. 

\  En,  is  borrowed  from  the  French.  It  coincides  with  the  Latin,  in, 
and  the  Greek,  e?i.  uV,  is  changed  for  m,  before  labials  ;  as,  employ.  In 
•ome  words  en,  and  in,  are  interchangeable ;  as,  enclose,  inclose. 


•V 


16  ANALYSISOFTHE 

Extra,v'3gaTit,  going  beyond  due  bounds  ;  excessive.      Tia- 
gans,  going  ;  extra,  beyond. 

Extra,or''dinary,  beyond  the  common  order. 

Extrajudicial,  out  of  the  proper  court. 
IN — is  used  in  two  senses.      1st.  It  denotes  7iot,  or  a  nega- 
tive sense,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  adverbs 
IM,  IG,  iL,  IR — denote  the  same,  in  the  same  connection. 

In, capable,  not  capable  ;  wanting  capacity. 

In,cautious,  not  cautious  ;  not  circumspect. 

In,effably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  uttered. 

Im,possible,  not  possible  ;  that  can  not  be. 

Im,mortal,  not  mortal  ;  exempt  from  death. 

Im,mutably,  not  admitting  change. 

Ig,noble,  not  noble  ;  of  low  birth,  or  family. 
'Ig,norant,  not  knowing;  wanting  knowledge. 

Iljlegal,  not  legal  ;  contrary  to  law  ;  imlawful. 

Il,liberal,  not  liberal  ;  not  free  to  give. 

Il,legibly,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  read. 

Ir,religious,  not  religious  ;  impious  ;  ungodly. 

Ir,regular,  not  regular  ;  deviating. 

Ir,revocably,  in  a  manner  not  to  be  revoked,  or  recalled. 
IN — in  the  2d  sense,  denotes  in,  on,  or  upon,  when  prefixed 

to  verbs,  or  words  derived  from  verbs. 
IM,  IG,  XL,  IR — denote  the  same  as  in,  when  in  this  sense, 
they  are  used  in  the  same  connection. 

In,carcerate,  to  put  in  prison. 

In,augurate,  to  invest  with  an  office  ;  to  induct, 

Im,mure,  to  confine  within  walls. 

Im,press,  to  imprint  m,  or  oji ;  to  stamp. 

Ig,nitc,  to  kindle,  or  set  on  fire ;  to  take  fire. 

Iljluminate,  to  enlighten  ;  to  throw  light  on. 

Il,lustrate,  to  make  more  clear  ;  to  explain 


:^' 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  17 

Ir,ritate,  to  make  angry ^  or  fretful;  to  provoke. 

Ir,rigate,  to  water;  to  moisten;  to  bedew. 

Irijheritable,  that  may  be  inherited. 

Im,pressive,  tending  to  make  an  impression. 

Ig,nition,  the  act  oi  setting  on  fire. 

Iljlusory,  tending  to  deceive ;  deceitful. 

Ir,ritable,  susceptible  of  being  made  angry  ;  passionate. 
INTER — denotes  among,  or  between. 

Inter,change,  a  mutual  exchange  between. 

Inter,pose,  to  place,  or  come  in  between. 

Inter,mix,  to  mix  together ;  to  intermingle. 

Inter,rupt,  to  stop  or  hinder,  by  breaking  in  between, 

Inter,val,  a  space  between  things  ;  a  void  space. 
INTRO — denotes  within  ;  i?ito,  or  in. 
-     IntrOjSpection,  a  view  of  the  inside,  or  interior. 

Intro,duce,  to  conduct  in,  or  make  knovi'n. 

IntrOjgression,  the  act  of  coming  in;  entrance. 

IntrOjVersion,  the  act  of  turning  inward. 
INFRA — denotes  under,  or  below. 

Infra,mundane,  under  the  world. 
JURIS — denotes  legal,  or  lawful  right. 

Juris,diction,  legal  authority,  or  control  over.     . 

Juris,prudence,  the  science  of  law. 
JUXTA — denotes  near  by,  or  nearness. 

Juxta,position,  a  being  placed  in  nearness. 
MIS — denotes  wrong ;  erroneous. 

Mis, apply,  to  apply  in  a  wrong  manner. 

Mis, estimate,  to  estimate  erroneously. 

Mis, pronounce,  to  pronounce  wrong. 

Mis,place,  to  put  in  a  wrong  place. 

Mis, conduct,  wrong  conduct ;   ill  behavior. 
MALE,  MAL — denote  ill;   evil;  bad. 

2* 


18  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Maljtreat,  to  treat  ill ;  to  treat  roughly ;  to  abuse 

Mal,practice,  evil  practice  ;  immoral  conduct. 

Male,v^olent,  wishing  f^vil  to  others  ;  envious. 

Male,diction,  evil  speaking  ;  cursing. 

Male,factor,  an  evil  doer ;  one  who  commits  a  crime 
MULTi — denotes  many. 

Multi, lateral,  a  figure  having  many  sides. 

Multi,form,  having  many  forms. 

Multi,plicity,  the  state  of  being  many. 

Multi,plication,  the  act  of  increasing. 

.Multi,ped,  an  insect  having  ?nany  feet. 
MANU — denotes  a  hand. 

Manu, script,  a  paper  written  by  hand. 

ManUjfacture,  to  make  by  hand. 

]\Ianu,mit,  to  release  the  hand  from  bondage. 

■  Manu,al,  a  small  book,  easily  carried  by  hand,     [adverbs. 
NON,  NE,  UN — denote  not,  when  prefixed  to  adjectives  and 

Non, elect,  one  7iot  elected.     Non,  not ;   electus,  elected. 

Non,sense,  not  sense  ;  void  of  sense. 

Non, existence,  not  having  existence. 

Ne,u^ter,  not  either  as   the  neuter  gender. 

Un,true,  not  true  ;  contrary  to  fact. 

Un,safe,  not  safe.     Un,sound,  not  sound. 
UN — denotes  undoing  what  has  been  done,  when  prefixed  to 
verbs  and  participles. 

Un,lace,  to  undo  the  lacing ;  to  loose  the  strings. 

Un,lading,  removing  the  cargo  of  a  ship. 

Un,harnessing,  stripping  off  the  harness. 
NOCT — denotes  nisht. 

Noct,ur^nal,  pertaining  to  night ;  nightly. 

Noct,iv'agant,  M'andering  in  the  night. 

Noct,am'bulist,  one  walking  by  night,  in  his  sleep. 


ENOLISH     LANGUAGE.  19 

OB,  oc,  OF,  OP — denote  in  front ;  against ;  toward;  in,  or  on. 

Objtrude,  to  thrust  in,  or  on,  as  uninvited. 

Ob, struct,  to  block  vp,  as  a  passage  ;  putting  in  the  way. 

Oc,cur,  to  meet,  as  in  front,  before  the  mind,  or  eye. 

Oc,cupant,  in    law,  one  who    comes    before,  or   first  in 
possession. 

Of,fer,  to  bring  before,  for  acceptance,  or  rejection. 

Ofjficious,  excessiYely  forward  ;  intermeddling. 

Op,ponent,  one  who  opposes,  or  sets  himself  against 

Op,position,  a  standing  over  against,  or  in  front  of. 
OMNI,  PANTO,  PAN — denote  all. 

OmnijS^cient,  knowing  all  things,  as  God  does. 

Omni,p''otent,  having  all  power,  as  God  has. 

Omni,present,  being  present  at  once,  in  all  places. 

Omni,bus,  a  carriage  common  for  all  to  ride  in. 

Pan,theon,  a  temple  dedicated  to  all  the  gods. 

Pan,tomime,  imitating  all  sorts  of  actions. 

Pan,acea,  a  remedy  for  all  diseases. 
PLENi — denotes  full. 

Pleni,potentiary,  an  embassador  with  full  power 

Plenijtude,  fullness ;  abundance. 

Plenary,  y?iZZ ;  complete;  entire. 

Plenum,  fullness  of  matter  in  space. 
PRETER — denotes  beyond  ;  past ;  more  than. 

Preter,natural,  beyond  what  is  natural. 

Preter,legal,  exceeding  the  limits  of  the  law. 

Preter,it,  that  which  is  past ;  past  tense. 

Preter,imperfect,  the  tense  of  an  action  not  perfectly  past. 
POST — denotes  after. 

Post, meridian,  after  noon  ;  any  time  after  noon. 

Post, mortem,  after  death,  as  a  postmortem  examination. 

Post  diluvian,  a  person  who  lived  after  the  flood. 


20  ANALYSISOFTHE 

Post,pone,  to  put  off  till  another  time  ;  to  defer. 

PostjScript,  a  paragraph  added  afterward ;  an  addition. 

Post,er'ity,  those  coming  after,  as  children  ;  descendants 
PRO  —  denotes  fore  ;  forth  ;  forward  ;  out,  or  for. 

PrOjbation,  /ore-trial ;  the  act  of  proving  ;  trial. 

PrOjduce,  to  bring  forward  ;  to  bring  forth. 

Pro,pel,  to  drive  forward;  to  urge  on  by  force.     Pello,  to 
drive  ;  pro,  forward 

Pro,pose,  to  bring  forward,  or  offer  for  acceptance.    Pojio, 
to  place  ;  pro,  before. 

Pro,nVinent,  standing  out  beyond ;  jutting  out. 

Pro,mulgate,  in  some  way  to  send  forth ;  to  publish. 

Pro,g^nostic,ybreshowing,  as  a  future  event. 

PrOjgression,  the  act  of  moving  forward.  [rank. 

PRE — denotes  before  ;  forward,  or  to   surpass,  in  time,  or 

Pre,mature,  ripe  before  the  natural,  or  proper  time. 

Pre, cede,  to  go  before  in  the  order  of  time. 

Pre, concert,  a  previous  agreement. 

Pre,meditate,  to  consider  on  5e/brehand. 

Pre,occupy,  to  take  possession  before  another. 

Pre,judge,  to  judge  in  a  cause  before  it  is  heard. 

Pre, eminent,  surpassing,  or  superior  in  excellence, 

Pre,face,  that  which  comes  before,  as  introductory. 

Pre,pare,  to  make  ready  beforehand ;  to  adjust. 
PER — denotes  through;  by  ;  very  ;  over. 

Per,vade,  to  pass  through,  or  spread  through.      Vado,  tc 
march  ;  per,  tlirough. 

Per,ceive,  to  get  impressions  through  the  senses. 

Per,forate,  to  bore  through,  or  pierce  through. 

Per,vert,  to  turn  by,  or  from  a  proper  purpose. 

Per,vious,  admitting  a  passage  through. 

Per,form,  to  carry  through  an  undertaking. 


< 


ENGLISH     LAr^GUAGE.  21 

Per,petual,  continuing  through  all  time. 

Per,fcct,  every  thing  gone  through  with  ;  complete 

Per, day,  or  Per,diem,  hy  the  day  ;   Per,annum,  &c 
piUMO,  PRIM — denote  ^r^^,  or  origmal. 

Primo,genitor,  the  first  father,  or  forefather. 

Prim,or^dial,  first  in  order  ;  original. 

Prim,itive,  an  original  word  ;  one  not  derived. 

Prim,ary,  first  in  order  of  time  ;  original. 
QUAD,  TETRA — denote  four. 

Quad,rate,  a  figure  having  four  equal  sides. 

Quad,ruple,  four  fold  ;  four  times  told. 

Quad,ruped,  an  animal  having  four  feet. 

Quad,rant,  the  quarter^  or  fourth  part  of  a  circle. 

Tetra,spermous,  in  botany,  having  four  seeds. 

Tetra,syllabic,  consisting  of  four  syllables. 
RE  * — denotes  again ;  hack  ;  return,  or  repetition, 

Re.enter,  to  enter  again,  or  a  second  time. 

Re,assign,  to  assign  hack,  or  transfer  back. 

Re,pay,  to  pay  hack,  or  return,  as  money. 

Re,people,  to  furnish  again  with  people. 

Re,mind,  to  bring  to  mind,  or  notice  again. 

Re,spect,  to  look  hack  on,  as  with  esteem. 

Re,p^etition,  the  act  of  performing  again, 

Re,organize,  to  organize  again,  or  anew. 
RETRO — denotes    backward,  or  back. 

Retro,grade,  going,  or  moving  backward. 
■  RetrOjSp^'Ction,  the  act  of  looking  back  on. 

Retro,pulsive,  driving,  or  repelling  hack. 

Retro, action,  action  turned  backward. 
SE — denotes  Separation,  or  withdrawal. 

Se,clude,  to  separate  ;  as  from  company. 

*  Id  some  words,  re,  has  lost  its  original  meaning ;  as,  in  rejoice. 


22  ANALYSISOFTHS 

Se,cede,  to  withdraw  from  fellowship  with. 

Se,duce,  to  draw  aside  from  the  path  of  rectitude. 

Se,lect,  to  choose  one  or  more  fro7n  a  number.  • 

Se,cure,  separated,  or  withdrawn  from  danger. 

Se,crecy,  a  state  o{  separation  from  public  observation. 
SUPER,  SUPRA,  suR — dcnoto  over ;  over  and  above ;  beyond, 

Super,fine,  over  and  above  fine  ;  very  fine. 

Super,ficial,  being  on,  or  over  the  surface  ;  not  deep. 

Super,stitious,  over  scrupulous  ;  over  exact. 

Super,vision,  the  act  of  overseeing  ;  inspection. 

Supra,mundane,  over,  or  above  the  world. 

Sur,charged,  overcharged,  as  clouds  with  electricity. 

Sur,mount,  to  rise  above ;  to  overcome. 

Sur,pass,  to  go  beyond  in  any  thing. 

Sur,feit,  to  be  overfed  with  meat,  or  drink. 
SEX,  HEX,  HEX  A — dcnoto  six      Hex  and  hexa,  are  Greek. 

Sex,ennial,  lasting,  or  happening  once  in  six  years. 

Sex,tant,  the  sixth  part  of  a  circle  ;  an  instrument. 

Hexa,gon,  a  figure  of  six  sides   and  six  angles. 

Hexa,m^eter,  a  verse  containing  six  poetic  feet. 

Hex,androus,  in  botany,  having  six  stamens. 
SOLI,  MONO — denote  one  ;  alone. 

Soli,tude,  the  state  of  being  alone  ;  a  lonely  life. 

Soli,FOquy,  a  talking  to  one^s  self,  or  alone.  -* 

Mono,theist,  a  believer  in  one  God  only. 

Mono,logue,  spoken  by  one  person  only.  j^ 

Mono,p'oly,  the  sole  power  of  selling  certain  goods. 
SUB,  suBTER — deuoto  under ;  below;  after. 

B,  in  SUB,  is  changed,  for  euphony,  to  c,  f,  g,  p,  or  s, 

and  thus  forms  [sub. 

sue,  suF,  suG,  SUP,  and  sus,  all  retaining  the  same  import  as 

Sub,due,  to  bring  under^  as  by  conquest. 


»■ 


ENGLISH     LA-VGUAOE.  23 

Sub,merge,  to  put  under  water  j  to  plunge. 
"^  SuCjCeed,  to  follow  in  order  after ;  to  come  after. 
^Suc^umb,  to  submit,  or  to  sink  mider,  unresistingly. 

Suf,fer,  to  undergo  pain  of  body,  or  mind. 

Suf,fix,  what  is  placed  after,  or  at  the  end  of  a  word. 

Sup,port,  to  hold  up,  by  something  underneath. 

Sus,tain,  to  hear  up,  and  keep  from  sinking. 

Subter,fluent,  flowing  underneath. 

Subter,fuge,  fleeing  under ;  an  artifice  for  coiicealment. 
SEMI,  HEMi,  DEMI — dcnoto  half 

Semi,circle,  half  3.  circle.     Semi,annual,  half  yezxly. 

Semijdiameter.     Demi,wolf.     Hemi,sphere. 
SINE — denotes  without. 

Sine,die,  without  fixing  a  day  for  adjournment. 
'  Sine, cure,  an  office  of  revenue  without  employ. 
■'trans,  ULTRA — denote  acro^.?  ;  heyond ;  change;  through. 

Trans, atlantic,  across  the  Atlantic  ;  an  ocean. 

Ultra,montane,  heyond  the  mountain. 

Trans,parent,  capable  of  being  seen  through. 

Trans, gross,  to  go  across ;  to  violate  a  law. 

Trans,late,  to  render,  or  change  to  another  language. 

',  Jjans,mute,  to  change  from  one  substance  to  another. 

Trans,plant,  to  remove  and  plant  in  another  place. 
TRi — denotes  three. 

Tri,angle,  a  figure  having  three  angles. 

Tri,ennial,  occurring  once  in  three  years. 

Tri,florous,  bearing  three  flowers. 

•Tri, colored,  having  three  colors,  as  the  French  flag. 
UNI — denotes  one. 

Uni.form,  having  one,  or  the  same  form. 

Unijty,  the  state  of  being  one  ;  sameness. 

UnijVerse,  the  entire  creation  as  one  whole. 


24  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

PREFIXES    OF    GREEK    ORIGIN. 

The  Greek  word  constituting  the  prefix,  is  given  in  Roman  letters^ 
inclosed  in  a  parenthesis.     The  Greek  prepositions  are  not  InclosedL 

A — denotes  privation;  destitute  of,  or  without. 

AjcVromatic,  destitute  of  color.     Applied  to  a  telescope. 

Ajtheism,  disbelief  of  the  existence  of  a  God. 

A,nonymous,  without  a  name  ;  nameless. 

AjCephalous,  without  a  head  ;  headless. 
ANA — denotes,  again ;  against;  back.    Used  in  various  senses. 

Ana,baptist,  one  who  re-baptizes,  or  baptizes  again. 

Ana,rysis,  resolving  a  thing  back  to  its  elements. 

Ana,t^omy,  a  cutting  through,  or  dissecting. 
ARCH — (arche)  chief;  sometimes  beginning. 

Arch,bishop,  chief  hishop,  or  principal. 

Arch,fiend,  the  chief  fiend,  or  foe. 

Arch,deacon,  the  chief,  or  principal  deacon. 
ASTRO — (astron)  denotes  a  star. 

Astro,n^Gmy,  the  science  of  the  stars. 

Astro,Fogy,  divining  or  foretelling  events  by  the  stars. 

AstrOjg^raphy,  a  treatise  on  the  stars. 
AUTO — (autos)  denotes  one^s  self 

AutOjgraph,  a  person's  own  hand  writing. 

AutOjCrat,  a  man  who,  by  himself,  governs  a  nation.  ^ 

Auto,m^aton,  a  machine  seeming  to  move  itself.  " 

Auto,p^sy,  personal  observation  ;  ocular  view. 
APO,  APH — denote  from. 

Apo,gee,  the  moon's  greatest  distance  jTrow  the  earth. 

ApOjS^tasy,  a  departure  from  the  faith. 

Apo,s^tle,  one  sent  forth;  a  disciple  of  Christ. 

Aph,el'ion,  a  planet's  greatest  distance /rom  the  sun. 
ARisTO — (aristos)  denotes  the  best ;  that  is,  noble  or  nobles 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  S5 

Aristo,c^racy,  a  government  by  the  nobility, 
BIO — (bios)  denotes  life. 

BiOjg^raphy,  the  written  life  of  a  person. 
BiBLio — (biblion)  denotes  a  book. 

Bibliojg^raphy,  a  history,  or  description  of  books. 

BibliOjthecal,  belonging  to  a  library.,    . 
CATA — denotes,  c^g-ami-;,  or  down.     It  has  various  meanings. 

Cata,baptist,  one  who  opposes  baptism. 

Cata,ract,  a  dashing  down  ;  a  waterfall. 

Cata,phonics,  the  doctrine  of  reflected  sounds 

Cata,s^trophe,  a  final  event ;  a  disaster. 
CHORO — (chores)  denotes  a  place^  or  country. 

ChorOjg'raphy,  the  art  of  making  maps. 
CHi^o — (cheir)  denotes  a  hand. 

Chiro,g^raphy,  writing  with  one's  own  hand. 
CHRONO — (chronos)  denotes  time. 

Chrono,m^eter,  an  instrument  to  measure  time. 

Chrono,rogy,  the  science  of  time.  * 

Chron,icIe,  a  record  of  facts  in  the  order  of  tim^. 

Chron,ic,  of  long  continuance^  as  a  disease. 
COSMO — (cosmos)  denotes  the  world. 

Cosmo, g^raphy,  a  description  of  the  world. 

Cosmo, g'ony,  a  treatise  on  the  creation. 

Cosmo,p^olite,  a  citizen  of  the  world. 
oiA — denotes  throuo-h. 

Dia,m^eter,  a  right  line  throligh  the  center  of  a  circle, 
#  Dia,g''onal,  a  line  drawn  through  opposite  angles. 

Dia,phoretic,  promoting  perspiration  through  the  por^  ol 
the  skin ;  sudorific. 
DYS — denotes  bad^  or  difficult. 

Dys,pepsy,  difficulty  of  digestion 

Dyd, phony,  difficulty  of  speaking 

3 


26  ANALYSIS     OF     THB 

DECA    DEC — (deka)  and  Latin  decern,  denote  ten 

Deca,gon   a  figure  having  te)i  angles. 

Deca,logue,  the  ten  commandments. 

Dec,imal,  a  fraction  numbering  by  tenths, 

Deca,pode,  an  animal  having  te7i  feet. 
^u — denotes  good  ;  well,  or  praise. 

Eu,peptic,  having  good  digestion. 

Eu,phony,  a  smooth  agreeable  sound. 

Eu,pathy,  a  state  of  right  feeling. 

Eujlogize,  to  praise,  or  give  commendation. 
EPi — denotes  i?i ;  on,  or  upon. 

Epi,demic,  some  general  disease  on  the  people. 

Epi.lepsy,  seizing  o?i  suddenly,  as  a  fit. 

Epijtaph,  an  inscription  on  a  tombstone. 
ENTOMO — (entoma)  denotes  an  insect. 

EntomOj^ogy,  a  treatise  describing  insects, 

Entomo,lite,  a  petrified  insect. 
*GE0 — (ge)  denotes  the  earth. 

GeOjg'raphy,  a  written  description  of  the  earth. 

GeOjFogy,  the  science  which  treats  of  the  structure  of  tha 
earth,  its  minerals,  &c. 

Geo,m^etry,  the  measurement  of  the  globe  by  lines,  <fec. 
HOMO — (homos)  denotes  like,  or  similar. 

Homo,geneous,  of  the  sa?ne  kind,  or  qualities. 

Homo,rogous,  sides,  or  angles  of  the  same  ratio. 
HETERO — (heteros)  denotes  itnlike,  or  different. 
■"HeterOjgeneous,  unlike  in  kind,  or  nature. 

Hetero,dox,  unlike  scripture  doctrines  ;  heresy. 
HEPTA — (Latm  srptem)  denotes  seven. 

Hepta,gon,  a  figure  having  seven  angles. 

Sept,en''nial,  occurring  once  in  seven  years. 

Sept,uple,  seveniold  ;  seven  times  as  much. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  27 

HELio — (helios)  denotes  the  sun. 

Helio, centric,  the  position  of   a  body,  as  seen  from  the 
center  of  the  sun. 

Helio,m'eter,  a  solar  instrument ;  a  micromete»r 
HYDRO — (hudor)  denotes  water. 

HydrOjFogy,  the  science  of  the  laws  of  water^  &c. 

Hydro, phobia,  dread  of  water ;  canine  madness. 

H}  dro,p^athy,  the  nmter-cwxe. 

Hydr,ant,  a  pipe  for  conveying  water. 

Hydro, statics,  the  science  o^  fluids  at  rest. 

Hydra,  a  water  serpent ;  a  monster. 
HYPER — (huper)  denotes  over ;  excess ;  heyond. 

Hyper,critical,  critical  heyond  use,  or  reason. 

Hyper,bole,  an  exaggerated  expression. 

Hyper,oxyd,  that  which  has  an  excess  of  ox^  gen. 
HYPO — (hupo)  denotes  w/jc/er,  in  a  figurative  sense. 

Hypo,crite,  one  under  disguised  sentiments. 

HypOjtVesis,  a  supposition  under  consideration. 

Hypo,chondria,  a  being  under  dejection  of  spirits. 
ICHTHYO — (ichthus)  denotes  k  fish. 

Ichthyo,rogy,  the  science  which  treats  of  fshes 
LEXico — (lexikon)  denotes  a  dictionary. 

Lexico,g^rapher,  a  writer  of  dictionaries. 
LTTHO — (lithos)  denotes  a  stone. 

Litho,g^raphy,  the  art  of  engraving  on  stone. 

Litho,l^ogy,  the  natural  history  of  stones. 
,   Litho,graph,  a  print  from  a  drawing  on  stone. 
META — denotes  change  ;  beyond. 

Meta,morphose,  to  change  into  another  form.  .^^^ 

Meta,b^asis,  a  passing  from  one  thing  to  another 

Meta,physics,  a  science  above,  or  beyond  physics. 
MYTHO — (muthos)  denotes  a  fable,  ^ 


28  '  ANALYSISOFTHB 

MythOjFogist,  a  writer  of  fables. 

MythcFogy,  a  system  o^  fables. 
Miso,  MIS — (misos)  denote  hatred. 

Misjantl^fopy,  hatred,  or  dislike  to  manland       # 

MisOjg^amist,  a  hater  of  marriage. 
OSTEO — (osteon)  denotes  a  bone. 

Osteo,Fogy,  a  description  of  bojies. 

OsteOjg^eny,  the  growth,  or  formation  of  bones 
ORTHO — (orthos)  denotes  right ;  correct. 

OrthOjg^raphy,  the  writing  of  words  correctly. 

OrthOjdox,  correct,  or  sound  in  the  faith. 

Ortho,epy,  a  correct  pronunciation  of  words. 

OrthOjFogy,  the  right  description  of  things. 
ORNiTHO— (ornis,  ornithos)  denotes  a  bird,  or  fowl, 

Orniiho,Fogy,  the  science  of  birds. 
OCTO,  ocTA,  OCT — (okto)  dcnote  eight. 

Octa,gon,  a  figure  having  eight  sides  and  eight  angles 

Octa,vo,  a  book  in  which  a  sheet  makes  eight  leaves. 

Octo,ber,  the  eighth  month  of  the  Roman  year 

Oct, ant,  the  eighth  part  of  a  circle. 

Octo, //ocular,*  having  eight  eyes. 
PARA — denotes  contrary  ;  beyond;  by  the  side  of. 

Para,dox,  a  tenet  contrary  to  received  opinions 

Para,llel,  lying  side  by  side,    equidistant. 

Para,gon,  a  model  of  excellencies  ;  a  pattern, 

Para,mount,  beyond  or  superior  to  all  others, 
PROTO — (protos)  denotes  first,  or  chief 

Proto,martyr,  the  first  martyr. 

Proto,type,  an  original,  or  chif  model. 

Proto,col,  the  original  copy  of  any  writing. 
PENTA — (pente)   denotes  five. 

*  iV  is  inscrivid  for  euphony. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  29 

Penta,gon,  a  figure  having ^we  sides  and^i;e  angles. 

Penta,cliord,  ji^ue  strings  ;  an  instrument  of  music. 

Penta,teuch,  the^ve  books  of  Moses. 

Penta,m''eter,  a  verse  having ^ue  poetic  feet. 
PHYSico,  PHYSIO — (phusis,  phusicos)  denote  nature;  natural. 

PhysicOjlogic,  logic  illustrated  by  natural  philosophy. 

Physio, g^nomy,  a  discerning  of  the  character  ot  the  mind, 
bv  the  natural  features  of  the  face. 
PYRO — (pur)  denotes  fire. 

PyrOjtechnics,  the  art  of  making  j^re-works. 

Pyro,Fogy,  a  treatise  on  Iteat. 
POLY — (polus)  denotes  many. 

Poly, syllable,  a  word  of  many  syllables. 

Poly,giot,  a  book  containing  words  in  many  languages. 

Poly,pode,  an  animal  having  many  feet. 

Poly,technic,  comprehending  many  arts. 
PHiLO,  PHIL — (philos)  denote  d,  friend  ;  love,  or  lover, 

Philo,s^opher,  a  lover  of  wisdom. 

PhilOjFogy,  a  love  of  words,  or  of  language. 

Philo,math,  a  lover  of  learning. 

Phil,anthropist,  a  lover  of  mankind. 
PERI — denotes  around ;  near,  or  nearest. 

Peri,ph^ery,  a  line  passing  round,  as  of  a  circle. 

PerijOd,  a  circuit,  or  revolution,  as  of  time. 

Peri,gee,  the  moon's  orbital  point  nearest  the  earth. 

Perijhelion,  a  planet's  orbital  point  nearest  the  sun. 
SYN.  SYL   SYM,  SY — (sun)  dcuote  with ;  together  with. 

Syn,thesis,  a  putting  of  things  together. 

Syl,lable,  letters  put  together  for  utterance. 

Syn,agogue,  an  assembly  of  Jews  met  together  to  worship; 
a  house  for  their  worship. 

Sym,pathy,  accordance  in  feeling  with  others 

3* 


30  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Sys,tem,  a  scheme  of  connected  parts  arranged. 

Syn,opsis   a  collection  of  things  viewed  at  once 
STENO — (stenos)  denotes  narrow ;  brief ;  short. 

StenOjg^rapher,  one  who  writes  ^Aor^-hand. 
STEREO — (stereos)  denotes  solid  ;  firm. 

StereOjtype,  solid^  ov  fixed  types  in  plates. 

Stereo,m'etry,  the  art  of  measuring  solid  bodies. 
TOPO — (topos)  denotes  a  place. 

Topo,g'raphy,  a  description  of  some  country,  or  place. 

r 

THEO — (Theos)  denotes  Gud. 

Theo,rogy,-  the  science  of  God  and  divine  things. 

TheOjC'rasy,  a  government  specially  under  God. 
TYPO — (tupos)  denotes  type. 

Typo, graphic,  pertaining  to  printing. 
zoo — (zo^on)  denotes  an  animal,  or  beast. 

ZoOjFogy,  the  natural  history  of  a?ii?nals. 

PREFIXES    OF    SAXON    ORIGIN. 

ALL — denotes  most ;  wholly,  or  in  the  highest  degree. 

All-cheering,  most  cheering  ;  as,  all-cheering  news. 

All-abandoned,  wholly  abandoned ;  forsaken. 

All-important,  important  in  the  highest  degree. 
AFTER — denotes  later ;  latter,  ov  following. 

After-noon,  the  part  of  the  day  vf\\\ch.  follows  noon. 

After-part,  the  latter  part,  a§  of  the  day,  or  night. 
BE — denotes  nearness.     It  also  adds  intensity. 

Be-siege,  to  lay  sipge  to  with  an  armed  force. 

Be-deck,  to  adorn,  or  make  more  beautiful. 

Be-times  ;  in  good  season  ;  seasonably.  « 

Be-witch,  to  fascinate  by  charms. 
BY — denotes  near ;  aside. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  81 

By-Stan der,  one  who  stands  near  by. 

By-path,  an  obscure  way  aside;  a  private  path. 

By-passage,  a  passage  one  side ;  private. 
FORE — denotes  before,  or  in  front. 

Fore-tell,  to  tell  ^t/brehand ;  to  predict. 

Fore-show,  to  show  beforehand. ;  to  foretelL 

Fore-side,  the  front  part,  or  side. 

Fore-stall,  to  take  ^ip/brehand  ;  to  anticipate. 
OUT — denotes  Jeyon J ;  excess. 

Out-reach,  to  extend,  or  reach  beyond. 

Out-number,  to  number  more ;  to  exceed. 

Out-run,  to  exceed  in  running ;  to  run  faster. 

Out-general,  to  exceed  in  generalship. 
OVER — denotes  excess,  or  above,  in  place  or  ranit. 

Over-anxious,  too  much  anxiety,  or  excess. 

Over-balance,  excess  of  weight,  or  value. 

Over-load,  to  load  too  heavily ;  to  ou<??-burdeii. 

Over-do,  to  do,  or  perform  too  much. 
UP — denotes  rising;  sustainin<r. 

Up-lift,  to  raise,  or  elevate.     Up-root,  to  tear  up. 

XJp-hold,  to  keep  up,  by  sustaining. 

Up-cast,  casf  up  ;  throAvn  upward. 

Up-heave,  to  heave,  or  lift  up  from  beneath. 
UNDER — denotes  below;  beneath;  subordinate. 

Under-current,  a  current  beneath  the  surface. 

Under-agent,  a  subordinate  agent. 

Under-let,  to  lease,  or  let  below  the  value, 

Under-officer,  one  subordinate  in  rank. 
WITH — denotes  opposing,  or  restraining. 

With-stand,  to  oppose^  or  to  resist. 

With-hold,  to  restrain  ;  to  keep  back. 


4 

32 


ANALYSIS     OF     TH 


SECTION  IV. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    LATIN    PREFIXES. 


a  ab  abs. 

From ;  away  from. 

ad  ac  af  ag  al  an  ap  | 
ar  as  at.              ) 

To ;  toward ;  closeness,  or  u 

ambi. 

Both. 

amb  ampbi. 

Around,  or  to. 

ante. 

Before. 

ant  anti. 

Opposite  ;  against. 

bene. 

Good,  or  well. 

bi  bis. 

Two. 

cis. 

On  this  side. 

centu  centi  cent 

A  hundred. 

contra  contro  counter. 

Against ;  opposition  to. 

con  CO  cog  com  eol  cor. 

With ;  joined  with,  or  togeth 

circum. 

Around ;  about. 

de. 

From  ;  depriving  of ;  down. 

di  dis  dif. 

Separating;  out  of ;  from. 

duo  du. 

Two  ;  double. 

e  ex  ef  ec. 

Out;  out  of ;  from;  beyond. 

en  em. 

In,  or  upon. 

equi. 

Equal. 

extra. 

Beyond  ;  more  than  ;  excess. 

m  ini  ig  il  ir. 

C  Not ;  with  adj .  and  adv. 
(  In  ;  into  ;   on  ;  with  verbs. 

inter. 

Between ;  among. '' 

intro. 

Within  ;  into  ;  unto. 

infra. 

Under ;  below. 

juris 

Legal ;  lawful ;  right. 

juxta 

Near  by ;  nearness. 

mis. 

Wrong ;  erroneous. 

ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


33 


male  mal. 

Ill ;   evil ;  bad. 

multi. 

IMany. 

manu. 

A  hand. 

non  ne  uii. 

(  Not;  with  adj.  and  adv. 
(  Undoing;  with  verbs. 

noct. 

'  Night. 

ob  oc  of  op. 

In  front;  against;  toward;  in,  or  on 

omni  panto  pan. 

All. 

pleni. 

Full. 

-preter. 

Beyond  ;  past ;  more  than. 

post. 

After. 

pro. 

Fore  ;  forth  ;  forward  ;  out,  or  for 

pre. 

Before  ;  forward  ;  to  surpass. 

per. 

Through  ;  by  ;  very  ;  over. 

primo  prim. 

First ;   original. 

quad  tetra. 

Four. 

re.    , 

Again  ;  back  ;  return. 

retro. 

Backward  ;  back. 

se. 

Separation ;   withdrawal. 

super  supra  sur. 

Over  and  above  ;  beyond. 

sex  hex  hexa.* 

Six. 

soli  mono. 

One  ;  alone. 

sub  subter  sue  suf 
sup  sus. 

SU""  ) 

°  >   Under ;  below  ;  after. 

semi  demi  hemi. 

Half. 

sine. 

Without. 

trans  ultra. 

Across  ;  beyond  ;  change. 

tri. 

Three. 

uni. 

One. 

*  Hex  and  hexa,  are  of  Greek  origin. 


34 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    GREEK    PREFIXES. 

Wlien  the  prefix  is  from  a  Greek  word,  such  word  is  given  in  Ro 
man  letters,  and  enclosed  in  a  parenthesis. 

Privation  ;  destitute  of ;  without. 

Again  ;   against ;  back. 

Chief;  beginning. 

A  star. 

One's  self. 

From, 

The  best ;  viz.,  noble,  or  nobles 


a. 

ana. 

arch,  (arche) 
astro,  (astron) 
auto,  (autos) 
apo  aph. 
aristo,  (aristos) 
bio.  (bios) 
biblio.  (biblion) 

CclLd/*  *" 

chore,  (chores) 

chiro.  (cheir) 

chrono.  (chronos) 

cosmo.  (cosmos) 

dia. 

dys. 

deca  dec.  (deka) 

eu. 

epi. 

entomo.  (entoma) 

geo,  (ge) 

homo,  (homos) 

hetero.  (heteros) 

hepta,  (Latin  scptcm) 

helio.  (helios) 

hydro,  (hudor) 

hyper,   (huper) 

hypo,  (hupo) 


Life. 

A  book. 

Against ;  down. 

A  place,  or  country. 

A  hand. 

Time. 

The  v/orld. 

Through, 

Bad  ;    difficult. 

Ten. 

Good  ;  well ;  praise. 

Li ;  on  ;  upon. 

An  insect. 

The  earth. 

Like  ;   similar. 

Unlike  ;   dissimilar. 

Seven. 

The  sun. 

Water. 

Over ;  excess ;  beyond. 

Under. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


35 


ichtliyo.  (ichthus) 

lexico.  (lexikon) 

litho.  (lithos) 

meta. 

mytlio.  (muthos) 

miso  mis.  (misos) 

osteo.  (osteon) 

ortho.  (orthos) 

ornitho.  (ornithos) 

octo  octa  Oct.  (okto) 

para. 

proto.  (protos) 

penta.  (pente) 

physico  physio,  (phusis) 

pyro.  (pur) 

poly,  (polus) 

philo  phil.  (pliilos) 

peri. 

syn  syl  sym  sy.  (sun) 

steno.  (stenos) 

stereo,  (stereos) 

topo.  (topos) 

theo.  (Theos) 

typo,  (tupos) 

zoo  (zoon) 


A  fish. 

A  dictionary. 

A  stone. 

Change ;  beyond. 

A  fable. 

Hatred. 

A  bone. 

Right ;  correct. 

A  bird  ;  a  fowl. 

Eight. 

Contrary ;  beyond. 

First ;  chief. 

Five. 

Nature  ;  natural. 

Fire. 

Many. 

Friend  ;  love ;  lover. 

Around ;  near. 

With  ;  together  with.' 

Narrow ;  brief;  short. 

Solid ;  firm. 

A  place. 

God. 

Type. 

An  animal ;  a  beast. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    SAXON    PREFIXES. 


all. 
after, 
be. 
by. 


Most;  wholly;  in  the  highest  degree 
Later  ;  latter  ;  following. 
Nearness.     Adding  intensity. 
Near ;  aside. 


36 

fore. 

out. 

over. 

up. 

under 

with. 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Before  ;  in  front. 
Beyond  ;   excess. 
Excess  ;  above. 
Rising  ;  sustaining. 
Belovi^ ;  beneath. 
Opposing ;  retaining. 


SECTION  V. 

CLASSIFICATION    OF     PREFIXES. 

In  the  subjoined  section,  the  prefixes  are  arranged  expressly  for  the 
convenience  of  siicli  teachers  as  may  wisli  their  class  to  answer  them 
in  eon  cert.  The  teacher  will  pronounce  each  prefix,  and  the  class,  in 
concert,  will  define  it. 


ambi,    both. 
bio,    life, 
chrono,   time, 
duo,    two. 
dia,    through, 
deca,   ten. 
hepta,    seven, 
omni,    all. 
octo,    eight, 
pleni,    full, 
penta,    five, 
proto,    first, 
pyro,    fire, 
tetra,    four, 
mono     one. 
para,    beyond, 
de,  "from. 


manu,    the  hand, 
meta,    a  change, 
multi,    many, 
poly,    many, 
post,    after, 
pre,   before, 
steno,    short, 
zoo,    a  beast, 
biblio,    a  book, 
helio,   the  sun. 
ichthyo,    a  fish, 
osteo,    a  bone, 
ornitho,    a  fowl. 
phj'sico,    nature, 
retro,   backward, 
coutro,    opposition, 
co],    together 


ENGLISH     LA.VGUAGE. 


37 


uni,    one. 
Theo,    God. 
ad,    to. 
noct,   night. 
quad,    four, 
sex,    six. 
.tri,    three, 
ante,   before. 


astro,    a  star, 


auto,   one^s  self. 
amphi,    around, 
bene,    good  ;  well, 
chiro,    the  hand, 
choro,    some  place, 
cosmo,    the  world, 
contra,    against, 
circum,    around, 
extra,   beyond, 
equi,    equal, 
geo,    the  earth, 
hydro,    vv^ater. 
hyper,    over, 
intro,    w^ithin. 
mter,   between, 
infra,    below, 
juxta,   near  to. 
juris,   legal, 
litho,    a  stone. 
stereo,    solid, 
mytho,    a  fable. 


entomo,   an  insect. 

lexico,    a  dictionary". 

genea,    lineage. 

homo,    same  kind. 

hetero,    different  kinds.  ,, 

epi,   in,  or  on. 

soli,    alone.  - 

mono,    one  ;  alone. 

ortho,    right ;  correct. 

preter,    past ;  beyond. 

super,    over  ;  above 

centu,    a  hundred. 

counter,    opposite. 

se,    separation. 

typo,    type  ;  figure. 

peri,    near;  under;  about. 

ana,    again  ;  back. 

aristo,   the  nobles. 

anti  ant,    against. 

bi  bis,   two  parts. 

hexa  hex,    six. 

miso  mis,   hatred. 

male  mal,    bad  ;  evil. 

philo  phil,    a  friend  ;  lover. 

panto  pan,    all. 

trans  ultra,    across. 

apo  aph,    from  ;  away  from 

non  ne  un,    not. 

di,  dis,    separation  ;  not. 

ob,    in  front ;  before. 


4 


38 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE. 


SECTION    VI. 
AN    EXERCISE    APPLYING    THE    DEFINITION    OF    PREFIXES. 

1.  Let  the  teacher  pronoiTnce  the  word  to  wliich  the  prefix  is  to  b4 
joined,  and  give  its  signification. 

2.  Let  him  next  pronounce  the  word  with  its  prefix  joined,  and  asi 
the  pupil  what  it  now  means,  and  why. 

3.  The  scliolar  is  then  to  give  the  definition  ;  and  this  he  will  readily 
do,  if  he  knows  the  true  meaning  of  the  prefix. 

EXAMPLE. 

Teacher.     Potent  denotes    having   power.     What    does 

Plenipotent  mean  ? 
Pupil.  Having  fall  power, 

Teacher.     Why  ? 
Pupil.  Because  pleni,  means  full ;  and  potent,  having 

power.  * 

Teacher.     What  does  Own/potent  mean  ? 
Pupil.  Having  all  power. 

Teacher.     Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  omni  means  all,  &c. 

Teacher.     What  does  ?'w7potent  mean  1 
Pupil.  Not  having  power. 

Teacher.     Why  ? 

Pupil.  Because  im,  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  adverbs, 

means  not,  &c. 

Note. — Frequently  exercising  pupils  on  the  following  words,  ac- 
cording to  the  above  example,  will  render  them  familiar  with  the 
common  import  of  the  prefixes,  and  prompt  in  their  just  application. 


im  omni  plcni. 
mis  pr^re. 
over  un.  • 


EXERCISE. 

Potent,    having  power. 
Judge,   to  form  an  opinion. 
Load,   to  lay  on  a  burden. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


39 


ante  mis  post. 
af  pre  post. 
ad  con  re. 
circum  siibter. 
dis  en  uri. 
CO  non  un. 
ec  geo  helio. 
col  ob  sub. 
bi  equi  multi. 
demi  hemi. 

dis  mono  poly. 

cis  trans, 
autp  bio  geo. 
a  pan  tri. 
over  sur  un. 
ab  dis  e. 
circum  per. 
op  juxta. 
a  octo  tri. 
self  pre  re. 
trans  ultra, 
semidia  dia. 
bi  mal  uni. 
mis  self  un. 
inde  de  pro. 
chrono  hydro, 
com  de  sup. 
deca  hexa  tetra. 
dis  en  re. 
mis  pre  self. 
bene  male. 


1 


Date,   to  note  time. 
Fix,   to  set,  or  place. 
Join,    to  unite. 
Fluent,    a  flowing. 
Able,    having  power  to  do. 
Essential,   necessary. 
Centric,   pertaining  to  the  center. 
Ligation,    the  act  of  binding. 
Lateral,   pertaining  to  the  side. 
Sphere,    a  globe,  or  ball. 
{  Syllable,    a  combination  of  letters,  utter- 
ed by  one  impulse  of  the  voice. 
Atlantic,    an  ocean. 
Graphic,    a  writing,  or  describing. 
Theist,    a  believer  in  one  God. 
Charged,    loaded. 
Ruption,    a  bursting  ;  a  breach. 
Ambulate,   to  walk. 
Position,    situation  ;  attitude. 
Petalous,  having  petals  or  flower  leaves. 
Elected,    chosen. 
Marine,   pertaining  to  the  sea, 
Meter,    a  measure. 
Form,    shape  ;  figure. 
Taught,    instructed. 
Pendent,    hanging  from. 
Meter,    a  measure. 
Press,   to  squeeze,  or  urge  by  force. 
Chord,    string  of  a  harp,  &c. 
Close,    to  shut. 
Opinion,    a  judgment  formed. 
Factor,    an  agent,  or  doer. 


40  ANALYSIS     OF     THK 

SECTION  YII. 

EXPLANATION    OF    THE    SUFFIXES. 

A  SUFFIX  is  a  letter  or  letters,  a  syllable  or  syllables,  ap- 
pended to  the  end  of  a  word,  to  add  force,  vary,  or  modify 
Its  signification ;  thus, 

The  word  act  means  something  done,  or  to  do  something ; 
but  add  or,  and  it  becomes  actor,  and  means  the  person  who 
does  something. 

Imprison  means  to  confine  in  some  place  ;  but  add  menty 
and  it  becomes  imprisonment,  and  implies  the  act  of  con- 
fining in  some  place. 

Such  terminations  as  or  and  ment,  in  the  above  examples, 
we  call  suffixes  ;  and,  although  they  will  not  admit  of  as 
precise  definitions  as  the  prefixes,  yet  they  can  be  so  classed 
as  to  answer  the  general  purposes  of  defining  words. 

The  following  are  the  principal  suffixes  in  our  language, 
classified  and  defined,  according  to  their  general  import. 


THE    SUFFIXES    DEFINED    AND    EXEMPLIFIED. 

ABLE,  IBLE — imply  that  may  be  ;  can  be ;  capable  of  being  ; 
ft,  or  worthy  to  be. 
Amhble,    that  may  be  heard,  or  can  be  heard. 
Taijable,   that  may  be  paid,  or  can  be  paid. 
Movable,   that  may  be  moved,  or  can  be  moved. 
Tamable,   that  may  be  tamed,  or  capable  of  being  tamed. 
YXe'nible,    that  may  be  bent,  or  can  be  bent. 
Jjegible,    that  may  be  read,  or  can  be  read. 
'Eligible,  ft  to  be  chosen,  or  worthy  to  be  chosen. 
ABJLITY,  IBILITY,  ABLENESS,  IBLENESS — imply  the  property^ 
or  quality  capable  of  being ;  the  state ;  the  capacity  of 
or  the  susceptibility  of  being. 


ENGLISH    LANGUAGE.  41 

CompressibiUty,   the  quality  of  being  compressed. 

DiYisihility,    the  quality  of  being  divisible. 

\Ti^^VL\m.ableness,   the  capacity  of  taking  tire, 

J)esixableness,   the  quality  of  being  desirable. 

yiiserableness,   the  state  of  being  miserable. 

Mutability,    susceptibility  of  change. 

Durabilityj    the  property  capable  of  lasting. 

Tniableness,    state  deserving  of  compassion. 
ANCE,  ANCY,  ENCE,  ENCY,  ION,  MENT — imply  the  Gct  of ;  the 
result  of;  the  state ;  the  state  of  being  ;  the  thing,  or 
that  which. 

Dependence,   )    a  ^^a^e  0/ hanging  down  from     supporter; 

Dependency,    )  reliance  ;  trust. 

'EdneYge7ice,    )   the  act  of  rising  out  of,  as  out  of  water ; 

Emergency,   )  an  occurrence  not  expected. 

Contrivflfnce,    the  act  of  planning  ;  the  thi?ig  planned. 

Compliance,    the  act  of  complying,  or  willingness. 

Navigat/ion,    the  act  of  sailing,  or  the  state  fit  for  sailing. 

Vnion,   the  act  of  joining,  or  the  state  of  being  joined. 

Progression,   the  act  of  moving  forward  ;  an  advance. 

Immers^on,    the  act  of  plunging  into,  or  the  state  of  &c. 

Concession,   the  act  of  yielding  ;  the  thing  yielded. 

Confinement,   the  state  of  being  confined. 

Debasement,    the  act  of  debasing,  or  a  state  of,  &c. 

Excitement,    the  act  of  exciting ;  the  state  of,  &c. 

Commitment,   the  act  of  committing,  or  the  state  of  Slc, 

Consignment,   the  act  o/'consigning,  or  the  thing  consigned. 

Amusement,    that  which,  or  the  thing  which,  amuses. 
ANT,  ENT — imply  the  person  who,  or  the  thing  which,  when 
the  word  is  a  noun. 

Defendant,    the  person  who  defends. 

President,    the  7?ian  who  presides  over. 

4* 


42  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Deponen/,    the  person  who  makes  a  deposition. 

Combata;^^,    one  who  contends  Avith  another. 

Delinqufi/i^,   one  who  fails  to  do  his  duty. 

Supplia/2?,    one  who  entreats  submissively. 

Expectant,    one  who  waits  in  expectation  of. 

Iijhabitan^    one  who  has  a  fixed  residence  in. 
ANT,  ENT — require  the  defining  word  to  end  in  ing,  or  a  pres- 
ent participle,  when  the  word  is  an  adjective. 

Abstinent    refrainmo-  from  indulo^ence-. 

Confident,    havz'no-  full  belief;  trust/»o^. 

Efficient,    causmo-  effects  ;  produc?/?^. 

Deficient,    wdjniing ;  defective. 

Refulge/j?,    shin?/?o-,  or  cd^^Xing  a  light. 

Cohere/?;,    stick^/?o■,  or  cleavmo-  together. 

Coincide^/,    idlling,  or  raeeiing  on  the  same  point. 

Circumfluent,    lowing  around  ;  surroundmo-. 

Coexistent,    exist?;?^  at  the  same  time. 

Evanescent,    vanishm«- ;  passmo-  away. 

Indulgent,    yield^no-  to  the  wishes  of  others. 

Reluctant,    strivzn^  slightly  against ;  unwilh'no-, 
AC,  ic,  AL,  ARY — lYCLxAy  jyertavuiig  to;  belonging  to;  relating 
to,  or  consisting  of. 

Demoniac,   pertaining  to  demons,  or  evil  spirits. 

Elegiac,    belonging  to  elegy,  a  mournful  poem. 

Organzc,  pertaining  to  an  organ,  or  organs. 

Domestic,    belojiging  to  the  house,  or  home. 

Romantzc,   pertaining  to  romance  ;  fanciful. 

Acadenu'c,    belonging  to  an  academy. 

Arteria/,   pertaining  to  an  artery,  or  arteries. 

Imperia/,   pertaining  to  an  empire,  or  emperor. 

Nomina/,    pertaining  to  a  name,  or  names. 

Patrimonia/,  pertaining  to  a  patrimony. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  43 

Provinciff/,  pertaining  to  a  province. 

Materia/,  consisting  of  matter  ;  not  spiritual.  * 

Planetary,  pertaining  to  the  planets. 

Literary,  pertaiimig  to  letters,  or  literature. 

Numerary,   belonging  to  a  certain  number. 

Perusa/,*  the  act  of  perusing,  or  reading  with  care. 

Refusa/,  the  act  of  refusing,  or  denying. 

Remova/,   the  act  of  moving  to  another  place. 

Renewal,   the  act  o/' renewing,  or  forming  anew. 
ATE — This  suffix  requires  the  particle  /o,  to  be  prefixed  to 
the  definer  ;  thus, 

Illustrate,   to  make  clear  ;   to  explain. 

Tolerate,   to  suffer  to  be  ;   to  allow  ;  to  permit 

Cultivate,   to  till  ;  to  manure  ;  tu  improve. 

Vindica/e,   to  defend  ;  to  justify  ;  to  avenge 

Extermina^f,   to  destroy  utterly  ;  to  root  out. 

Oblitera^6%t   to  efface  ;  to  expunge  ;  to  blot  out. 
DOM,  RIG — imply  jurisdiction,  or  possession. 

Dukec?am,   the  possessions  of  a  duke. 

'Kingdom,   the  territory  subject  to  a  king. 

Bishopr^r,   the  jurisdiction  of  a  bishop. 
EN — implies  made  of;  consisting  of  or  resembling,  when  suf- 
fixed to  nouns. 

Wixchen,   made  of  birch,  or  consisting  of  birch. 

*  When  al,  is  suffixed  to  a  word,  which,  before  its  addition,  was  a 
verb,  it  denotes  the  act  of. 

\  Most  words  ending  in  ate,  are  verbs,  and  may  very  generally  be 
defined  like  the  above,  by  a  synonymous  verb  in  the  infinitive  mode. 
The  few  of  that  termination  which  are  adjectives,  commonly  denote 
qualittj,  or  state;  as,  Effeminate,  having  the  qualities  of  the  female 
sex ;  Illiterate,  the  state  of  being  unlearned.  Some  few  are  nouns ;  as^ 
Candidate. 


44  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Earthew,    made  0/ earth,  or  clay. 

Flaxf'/?,   ?nadeoff[3iX;  resembling  flax. 

Gold^'n,   made  of,  or  consisting  of  gold  ;  like  gold. 

Hempen,    made  of  or  consisting  ofliemp. 

Waxew.,    7nade  of  or  consisting  o/'wax. 
EN — implies  ^0  7nake,  when  suffixed  to  adjectives. 

Brighten,    to  make  bright,  or  brighter. 

Softe7i,    to  make  soft,  or  softer. 

Sharpen,    to  make  sharp,  or  sharper. 

Weaken,    to  make  weak,  or  weaker. 

Strengthen,    to  make  strong,  or  stronger 

Lengthen,    to  make  longer  ;  to  extend. 
FUL,  OSE — imply  full  of  or  abounding  with. 

Care/w/,  full  of  csire  ;  giving  ^oot/ heed.  ^^ 

Fruitful,    abounding  with  fruit ;  productive. 

Verbose,    abounding  with  words  ;  wordy. 

Vl^yful,  Hope/*J,  Spite/w/,  Distrust/wZ,  Opero^e,  &c. 
HOOD,  SHIP — imply  slate ;  ojfice,  or  quality. 

ManAooc?,   the  state  of  being  a  man. 

WomanAoo^,    state,  or  qualities  of  a  woman. 

Childhood,   the  state  of  being  a  child. 

PriestAoof?,    the  office  of  a  priest. 

Professors'Az/},   the  office  of  a  professor. 

Lord^^zp,    the  state,  or  quality  of  being  a  lord. 

Partner^/tzp,    a  state  of  connection  in  business. 

HardiAoo^,    the  quality  of  being  bold. 
IZE,  FY,  FIT,  Fic,  FEROUS — imply  to  make,  or  to  become;  pio 
ducing,  or  causing. 

Equalz'^^e,    to  make  equal,  or  to  produce  equality. 

hegalize,    to  make  lawful ;  to  authorize. 

Tranquihze,  to  make  calm,  or  peaceful. 

Crystaha^e,    to  cause  to  form  crystals. 

Sancti/y,    to  make  pure,  or  holy. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  45 

Simpli/y,    to  mahe  simple,  or  plain. 

Beauti/y,    to  make  happy,  or  cause  to  be  liappy. 

Solidi/y,    to  make  solid,  or  compact. 

Terri/ic,    causing  terror,  fear,  or  dread. 

Somni^c,  producing  sleep. 

Calori^c,    the  quality  o^  producing  heat. 

YXoYiferous,  producing  flowers. 

yieWiferous^   producing  honey. 

Bacciyerow^,   producing  berries. 
ITY,  CY — imply  the  state  of  being ;  quality,  ox  power, 

SterihYy,    the  state  of  being  unproductive. 

TranquilhVy,  the  state  of  being  calm;  composed. 

Security,    a  state  of  being  secure  ;  in  a  safe  state. 

HostihVy,    the  state  o/'war,  or  private  enmity. 

Celibacy,    a  state  q/"  single  life  ;  unmarried. 

Supremacy,    the  state  of  being  supreme. 

Intimacy,    the  state  (f  being  familiar  with. 

Elastic^7y,    the  power  of  springing  back.* 
SH — implies  like,  or  similar  to,  when  suffixed  to  nouns. 

Childi^A'A,    like  a  child,  or  similar  to  a  child. 

Yoolish,    like  a  fool,  or  similar  to  a  fool. 

Bruti^/?,    like  a  brute^,  or  similar  to  a  brute. 

Clownz*^,    like  a  clown,  or  similar  to  a  clown. 

Boy/i'A,    like  a  boy,  or  similar  to  a  boy. 

Muh-s-A,    like  a  mule  ;   sullen  ;  stubborn. 

Foppi,?//,    like  a  fop  ;   vain  of  dress. 

Wagg/^A,    like  a  wag  ;  mischievous  in  sport. 

Girlish,    like  a  girl ;  befitting  a  girl. 

*  Words  ending  in  ity,  ma,y  be  defined  by  siillfixing  vcss,  to  a  syn- 
onymous definer;  thus,  Concavity,  hollow?? es.? ;  CeldKty,  quick^iess; 
Velocity,  swiftness;  Temerity,  rashness;  Acidity,  sourness;  Edacity, 
gi'erediwess ;  Audacity,  bold*^^,  *k«. 


\ 


46  ANALYSISOFTHE 

ISH — 18  equivalent  to  somewhat^  implying,  in  some  degree^ 
when  suffixed  to  adjectives.* 

Damp?.vA,    somewhat  damp,  or  moist. 

Coolz-s-A,    somewhat  cool,  or  cool  in  some  degree. 

Greenish,    somewhat  green,  or  green  in  some  degree. 

Sour?.sA,    somewhat  sour,  or  sour  in  some  degree. 

DarkuA,    somewhat  dark  ;  dusky. 

Reddi^A,    somewhat  red,  or  red  in  some  degree. 
IVE — implies  tending  to,  or  the  power  of;  relating  to,  or  the 
nature  of ;  sometimes  containing,  or  quality. \ 

Deluszt;e,    tending  to  deceive  ;  deceptive. 

Impress/ue,    tending  to  make  an  impression. 

PreventiUf?,    tending  to  hinder  ;  hindering. 

Dissuas«;e,    tending  to  dissuade,  or  turn  from. 

Subversive,    tending  to  subvert,  or  overthrow. 

CvedXive,    having  power  to  create,  or  make. 

Product/ue,    having  the  power  o/" producing. 

CompuIs/V(?,    having  the  power  to  compel. 

DitTuswe,    having  the  qualify  q/' diffusing. 

Attractzue,    having  the  quality  of  attracting. 

Destructive,    causing  destruction. 

ExhoYtniive,    containing  exhortation* 

Defectu'ip,    containing  defects  ;  wanting, 
ics — implies  the  science,  doctrine,  or  art  of 

Acoustic^',    the  science  o/' sounds,  teaching  their  cause. 

O^iiics,    the  science  which  treats  of  light. 

Eth/'c>?,    the  doctrines  of  morality  ;  moral  science. 

Techn/c.9,    the  doctrine  r^/'arts  in  general. 

*  In  a  few  instances,  ish  imjihes  nationality ;  as,  Englisli,  Spanish, 
Danish,  Tnrkisli^ewish,  <tc. 

f  In  some  few  cases,  ive  implies  a  person  ;  ns,  Executive,  the  man 
Kho  administers  the  government ;  Representative,  one  who  acts  as  an 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  47 

Pneumatzc^-,    the  science  of  elastic  fluids,  as  air. 
ILE — implies  pertaining,  or  belonging  to  ;  easily. 

Puerile,   pertaining  to  boys,  or  youth. 

Juven?7e,   pertaining  to,  or  suited  to  youth. 

MercantiZe,   pertaining  to  commerce. 

lufanti/^,   pertaining  to  infancy,  or  to  an  infant. 

T)ocile,    easily  instructed  ;  teachable. 

Frag«7^,    easily  broken  ;  liable  to  fail ;  brittle. 

Flex27e,    easily  beni ,  that  which  can  be  bent. 
ISM — implies  doctrines  ;  principles ;  state;  opinions  ;  practice, 
or  peculiar  to. 

Calvinz57n,    the  doctrines  of  Cah'in. 

Materiah-sw,    the  doctrine  of  materialists. 

Puritan^>w^,    the  principles  of  the  puritans. 

DQism,    the  doctrine,  or  creed  of  a  deist. 

Fatab.s"/w,    the  doctrine  of  fate,  or  necessity. 

Heatben/.vw,    the  state  of  being  ignorant  of  God. 

Modern/6r;??5,    recent,  or  uvodieTTX  practices . 

m 

Gallici^w,   peculiar  to  the  French  language. 

Anglici.577?,   peculiar  to  the  English  language. 
LESS — implies  without,  or  destitute  of. 

YioYieless,    without  hope,  or  destitute  q/"hope. 

Yeduxless,    without  fear,  or  destitute  of  fear. 

MotionZe^^,    without  motion  ;  at  rest. 

ComfortZei'.v,    without  comfort  ;  miserable. 

SleepZi".95,    without  sleep  ;  having  no  sleep. 
LY — implies  like,  or  siinilar  to,  when  suflixed  to  a  noun. 

Saint/y,    like  a  saint.      Ghost/y,    like  a  ghost. 

Man/y,    like  a  man.     Prince Zy,    like  a  prince. 

FriendZy,    like  a  friend  ;  similar  to  a  friend.- 

Coward/y,    like  a  coward  ;  timid  ;  fearful. 

NeighborZy,    like  a  neighbor  ;  kind  ;  civil. 


48  ANALTSISOFTHE 

LY— implies  in  a — manner,  when  suffixed  to  an  adjective 

Neat/y,    in  a  neat  manner ;  with  neatness. 

FaintZy,    in  a  faint  manner ;  feebly. 

Forcib/y,    in  a  forcible  manner ;  powerfully, 

Silent/y,    in  a  silent  manner  ;  without  noise. 

Rough/y,    in  a  rough  manner  ;  uncivilly. 

Plain/y,    in  a  plain  manner  ;  sincerely. 

Blind/y,  in  a  blind  manner  ;  without  sight. 

Proud/y,    in  a  proud  manner ;  haughtily. 

Sober/y,    in  a  sdhex  manner ;  seriously. 

Prudent/y,    in  a  prudent  manner  ;  discreetly. 

Graceful/y,    in  a  graceful  7nanner ;  elegantly. 

Quiet?y,    in  a  quiet  manner ;  calmly. 

Discreetly,    in  a  discreet  manner ;  prudently. 

Modest/y,    in  a  modest  manner  ;  decently. 
NESS — implies  an  abstract  quality*  or  a  state  of. 

Soilness,    the  quality  of  easily  yielding  to  pressure. 

Limberne^^",   the  quality  of  being  easily  bent. 

Manli 71656%    the  qualities  of  a  man  ;  dignity. 

Mellowne^i-,    the  quality  of  being  soft ;  softness. 

'Biiierness,   the  quality  which  excites  a  biting  sense. 

Redne55,    the  quality  of  being  red  ;  blood  color. 

Brightne55,    the  quality  of  being  bright. 

Goodne^-^,    the  quality  of  being  good. 

Sound/ie^^,    the  state  of  being  sound. 

Y^miness,   the  state  of  being  faint. 

Lamene^^,    the  state  of  being  lame. 

"RemolQuess,   the  state  of  being  remote  ;  far  off.  / 

*  Round,  is  having  the  form  of  a  circle ;  and  roundness,  is  the 
abstract  quality  of  such  a  figure,  witliout  reference  to  any  thing  to 
which  it  applies,  whether  a  wheel,  a  globe,  an  aople,  or  whatever  may 
have  that  form. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  49 

ORY — implies  containing  ;  tending  to  ;  a  jjlace ;  power  of.* 

Mandatory,    containing  a  command. 

Explanatory,    containing  an  explanation. 

Promissory,    containing  a  promise. 

Admonitory,    containing  an  admonition. 

Inflammatory,    tending  to  inflammation. 

Consolatory,    tending  t    give  comfort. 

Derogatory,    tending  to  lessen  in  reputation. 

Observato^'y,    a  place  for  observation. 

Laboratory,    a  place  for  chemical  experiments. 

Depository,    a  place  where  deposits  are  made. 

Dilatory,    tending  to  delay  ;  tardy  ;  slow.  * 

"Sompulsory,    having  power  to  compel. 
OUS — implies  containing ;  partaking  of ;  consisting  «'      ful 
of^  or  relating  to. 

Slanderous,    containing  slander  ;  reproachful. 

HumoroMs,    containing  humor  ;  exciting  laughter 

Villanows,  partaking  of  villany  ;  very  vile. 

ResinoM5',  partaking  of  resin  ;  like  resin. 

Invidious,   partaking  of  envy;  provoking  envy 

Amphibioi^s,   partaking  of  two  natures. 

Ponderous,  partaking  of  weight ;  very  heavy. 

Murderous,    consisting  in  murder  ;  cruel. 

Numerous,    consisting  of  numbers  ;  many. 

Bilio7/s,    consisting  of  bile  ;  partaking  of  bile. 

Miscellaneous,    consisting  of  various  topics. 

Clamorous,  full  of  noise  ;  vociferous  ;  noisy. 

*  Words  ending  in  ori/,  as  a  S7iffix,  may  be  very  well  defined  by  join 
ing  ing,  to  that  form  of  the  word  which  remains  after  dropping  or^f 
with  those  changes  of  letters  reqmred  by  that  termination ;  thus,  Pro- 
hibitory, prohibit'iw^ ;  Declaratory,  decinnng;  Explanatory,  explain- 
inff ;  Promiesory,  promiet'iigr,  &c 

S 


50  ANALY3ISOFTH2 

MisciiievoM^,  fall  0/ mischief ;  inclined  to  injure. 

Tumultuf^wi-,  full  of  Xuvcmh  ;  disorderly. 

Populo?/^,  full  o/*  people  ;   abounding  with  people. 
oiD — implies  resembling. 

VariolozV/,    a  disease  resembling  small-pox. 

Aster^nc?,    a  small  planet  resembling  a  star. 

SpenozV/,   resembling  a  wedge,  as  to  form. 

'I'ypho/c?,    a  fever   resembling  typhus  fever. 
SOME — implies  possessing  a  degree  of;  quality  of  or  causing 

Hand.yome,  possessing  a  degree  of  beauty. 

Gladivymf ,    causing  a  degree  ofjoj  ;  joyful. 

Troublesome,  causing  trouble,  or  disturbance  ;  annoying. 

Burdensome,  causing  uneasiness,  or  fatigue. 

Wholesome,  possessing  a  healthful  quality. 

"Wearisome,    causing  weariness,  or  fatigue. 
ED — is  a  verbal  and  participial  termination,  implying  past 

time  of  action.     It  expresses  its   own   meaning ;   yet,   it 

may  sometimes  be   made   more  explicit  by  adding  was,  or 

did,  to  the  past  tense  of  the  verb ;   as,  I  walkec? ;  mean- 
ing I  did  walk. 
ING — is  a  participial  termination,  implying  a  time  oi progres- 
sive action  ;  and  may  be  rendered  with  direct  reference 

to  that  time,  continuing  to. 
ING — is  also  frequently  used   to   express  some   article,  or 

thing ;  as, 

Clothing,    Shippmo-,    Sheeting,   Testing,    Carpet/n^. 

AST,   ER,  ESS,  EE,  EER,  IAN,  1ST,  ITE,  IX,  OR,  RESS,  SAN,  ZEN 

imply  a  person,  or  thing,  when  used  as  suffixes,  er,  how- 
ever, has  many  exceptions,  as  occurring  in'  the  compar- 
ison of  adjectives.  Some  of  the  others,  also,  have  a  few 
exceptions.  ess  and  ix,  always  denote  the  feminine 
gender 


ENGLISH     LANOHJA»E.  51 

Baker,   one  whose  occupation  is  to  bake. 
Enthusia?^,    a  person  of  ardent  zeal  in  some  cause. 
Auctioneer,    the  person  who  sells  at  auction. 
Historzan,    a  writer ,  or  compiler  of  history. 
Poete*^,  Trustee,  Morah>/,  Paras^7«,  Executr/a:,  Instructor, 
Seamstre^^,  Arti^o-n,  Deni^ew,  all  imply  persons. 
AR,  ARD,  ADO,  STER,  ATE,  oso — in  somc  fcw  casos,  imply  a 
person ;  as,  in 
Beggar,  Diunkard,  BravaJo,  Team^/er,  Candidate,  Virtu 
osOf  Coward,  Wizard,  &lc. 
CLE,  ET,  KIN,  LING,  LET,  ULE — in  many  cases,  imply  little, 
or  young ;  as,  in 
Versic/e,  a  little  verse  ;  Turret,  a  little  tower ;   LambAz'n,  & 
little   lamb ;    T>Mc]ding,    a    Utile   duck ;    FiUe^,   a   little 
band  ;   Globu/e,  a  little  globe,  &c. 
ERY — as  a  suffix,  frequently  implies  an  art,  or  practice  ;  as,  m 

Cookery,  Quackery,  Witchery,  Surgery,  Gunnery,  &;c. 
ERY — sometimes  implies  a  place  where  something  is  made 
or  done  ;  as,  in 
Brewery,  Fish*^ry,  Tannery,  Grocery,  Nursery,  &c. 

Y — as  a  suffix  to  monosyllables,  implies  some,  or  abundance 
of;  as,  in 

Rainy,   some  rain,  or  abundance  of  rB,in. 
Grassy,   Hilly,   Sandy,    Shady,    Frosty,   Marshy,   Dewy, 
Fleshy,  Slimy,  Faulty,  Spicy,  Curly,  Shaggy,  &c. 

"Note. — It  must  be  remembered  that  the  foregoing  definitions  to  the 
suffixes,  can  not  be  expected  precisely  to  meet  every  case  in  the  lan- 
guage ;  biit,  from  careful  examination  of  some  thousands  of  words,  it 
is  believed  they  will  answer  all  the  common  purposes  of  defining ;  and, 
generally,  enable  the  pupil  clearly  to  perceive  the  several  modifications 
of  import,  produced  by  their  combinations  with  the  primitive  word. 


I>3 


ANALYSIS     or     THE 


SECTION  VIII. 


able  ible. 
ability  ibility. 
ableness  ibleness 
ance  ancy  ion     ) 
ence  ency  merit.  J 
ant  ent. 

ac  ic  al  ary. 

dom  ric. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    SUFFIXES. 

That  may  be  ;  can  be  ;  capable  of  bemg 

!The  property,  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing ;  the  state,  or  susceptibility  of  being. 
The  act  of;  the  state  ;  the  state  of  be- 
ing, or  the  thing. 
The  person  who,  or  thing  which. 
i  Pertaining  to  ;  belonging  to  ;  relating  to 
I  consisting  of. 

Jurisdiction  ;  possession. 
Made  of;  consisting  of,  or  to  make,  (fee. 
Full  of ;  abounding  with. 
State  ;  office  ;  quality. 


en. 

ful  ose. 

hood  ship. 

ize  fy  fit  fie  ferous.    To  make,  or  become. 


The  state  of  being  ;  quality  ;  power. 
Like  ;  similar  to  ;  somewhat. 
Tending  to  ;  relating  to  ;  power  of. 
The  science ;  art  of;  doctrine ;  state,  &;c. 
Pertaining  to  ;  easily. 
Without ;  destitute  of. 
The  abstract  quality,  or  state. 
Containing  ;  tending  to  ;  place. 
Containing  ;  partaking  of ;  full  of. 
Possessing  a  degree  of;  causing. 

Commonly  imply  the  person,  or  thing. 

Sometimes  denote  a  pere(  n. 
Little,  or  young. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE  53 

SECTION  IX. 

RULES    FOR    FORMING    DERIVATIVE    WORDS.       . 

Rule  1.     Final  e,  must  be  dropped  before  the  addition 
of  a  syllable,  or  suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

blame  guide  recite  globe  -.-- 

blamaiZe  guida?ice  recita?  globular 

Exception.     Words  ending  in  ge,  or  ce,  commonly  retain 
€  final,  before  able  and  ous ;  as, 

peace  charge  change  notice 

peacea5Ze       cYizxgeahle       changeaJZe       woiiceahle. 
Rule  2.     Final  e,  is  retained  before  ly,  les^  ness,  ful^ 
and  so?ne  ;  and  generally  before  ment ;  as, 

wise  hope  base  peace 

wise/y  hope/uZ  h^seness  peaceZey^ 

state  blithe  noise  grace 

statement         blithesome         noiseless  gr2Lceful 

Exception.     Awe,  argue,  due,  true,  lodge,  judge,  abridge, 
whole,  and  acknowledge,  do  not  retain  e ;  as, 

awe  due  argue  awe 

SiWful  dull/  RTgument  awless 

Rule    3.     When   the   letter    y,   terminates    a   primitive 
word,  or  occurs  as  the  final  letter  in  any  of  the  derivative 
forms,  and  in  either  case  another  letter  or  suffix  is  added,  y 
is  commonly  changed  into  i,  except  before  ing ;  as, 
comely  fury  merry 

comelme^^  furious  merriment 

mercy  joHy  holy 

merciful  jolh7y  holiness 

Exception  1 .      Y,  is  sometimes  changed  into  e  ;  as, 
duty  beauty  pity  plenty 

duteous  beauteoMJ  piteous  plenteow* 

5^ 


64  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

ExcepH'in  2.     When  y,  is  preceded  by  a  vowel  in  the 

same  "syllable,  except  in  lay,  say,  and  pay,  it  remains  un- 
<;hanged ;  as, 

boy  betray  annoy 

hoyish  betrayecZ  annoyance 

play  delay  convey 

play/;?^  delayzwo-  conveya^/c 

Rule  4.     Y,  is  never  changed  when  followed  by  ing;  as 
fly  try  deny  complj^ 

^ying  try/;?^  deny?wo  comply/?}^- 

Rule  5.  Verbs  ending  in  le,  change  those  letters  into  y, 
before  in^  as, 

die  tie  vie  belie 

dying  ti/ing  vym^g*  belymo' 

Rule  6.     Monosyllables,  and  words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable,  ending  with  a  single  consonant,  preceded  by  a  sflort 
vowel,  double  that  consonant  before  an  additional  syllable 
beginning  with  a  vowel ;  as, 

gun  pet  rob  snap 

gunner  pet^ccZ  robber  snsippisk 

Rule  7.  Monosyllables  ending  w*ith  a  single  consonant 
preceded  by  a  digraph,  or  diphthong,  do  not  double  the 
consonant  in  their  derivatives  ;  as, 

chief  clear  aid  ail 

chiefly  'clearZy  aid?n_^  ail/nen^ 

Exception.  If,  in  forming  the  derivatives,  one  letter  of. 
the  digraph  is  dropped,  the  consonant  is  sometimes  doubled; 
as,  appeal,  appel/an^ ;  fail,  fal/i6/e. 

Note.  Ilie  verbs  befall,  install,  miscall,  recall,  forestall,  inihrall, 
foretell,  distill,  instill,  fulfil,  retam  both  consonants.  Such  words  as 
end  in  dd,  jf,  ss,  also  retain  both  in  their  derivatives;  as,  odd,  odd- 
nesi;  stitf,  stiff/y;  bliss,  bliss/'j/^;  hiss,  hissing. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  65 

Rule  -8.     When  t,  or  s,  precedes  fi  final,  in  such  words 
as  admit  ion^  e  is  dropped  and  ion  added  ;  as, 

legate  promote        dilate  diffuse 

legat^or^  promotzon     dilat/on  diffusion 

Rule  9.     Many  words  in  ate,  drop  te,  and  either  take  hle^ 
or  cij ;  as, 

estimate  agitate  accurate  delicate 

estima5/e         agitaZ^Ze         accuracy         delicacy 
Rule   10.     y,  before  the  suffixes,   ous,  al,  and  able,  is 
chewed  to  i,  and  commonly  retained ;  as, 

rely  deny  injury 

reliable  denial  injurious 

» 

Note. — ^Tlie  exceptions  are  few,  and  rarely  increase  tiie  number  of 
syllables  in  tiie  word ;  as,  mutiny,  mutinow*. 

Rule  11.     Most  words  ending  in^y,  change  y,  into  z,  and 
take  cation  ;  as,  t 

deify  fortify  notify 

deification  fortifica^?'on  notification 

Exception.     A  few  words  ending  in  fy,  drop  y,  and  take 
action  ;  as, 

stupefy  tumefy  petrify 

stupefaction  tumefaction  petrifac/ion 

Rule    12.      Many  words   ending  ize,  drop  e,  and  take 
ation ;  as, 

legalize  civilize  generalize 

legalization  civiliza//on  generalization 

Note. — Some  few  words  also,  not  ending  in  ize,  take  ation  ;  as, 
sense  •  form  inflame 

uensatioa  foimation  inflamma^z<?» 


56  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  X. 

AN    EXERCISE    IN    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY  SUFFIXES. 

The  following  exercises  are  specimens  of  the  manner  in  which  deriv- 
ative words  are  formed  by  suffixes ;  and,  they  also  exemplify  the  pre 
ceding  rnlea     Tlie  hyphen  ( - )  shows  that  each  suffix,  consecutively 
one  by  one,  is  to  be  united  with  its  primitive,  or  the  word  thus  used, 
thereby  forming  the  several  derivatives ;  as,  • 

1.  Help-ed-er-ing-ful-less.     2.  Mix-ed-er-ing-ture-aHe. 
When  thus  combined,  form  the  words, 

1.  Helped,     Helper,     Helping,     Helpful,     Helpless. 

2.  Mixed,      Mixer,      Mixing,       Mixture,    Mixable. 

I^OTE, — ^Tlie  termination  ed,  in  the  past  tense  and  participles  oi 
verbs,  retains  the  vowel  e,  in  this  work,  for  the  sake  of  showing  the 
orthography ;  but,  in  customary  pronunciation,  this  vowel  is  omitted, 
except  after  4  and  t ;  as,  in  Mixed,  Wished,  Loved,  pronounced,  Mixt^ 
Wishf,  Lovd.  (. 

1.  Exercise  in  forming  derivatives  by  suffixes. 

Tax-ed-er-ing.  Talk-ed-er-ing. 

Wish-ed-er-ing.  Nail-ed-er-ing 

2.  Exercise.     See  Rules  1st  and  2d  with  their  exceptions 

Bake-ed-er-ing.  Skate-ed-er-ing. 

Trade-ed-er-ing.  Taste-ed-er-ing. 

3.  Exercise.     See  Rule  1st. 

Admire-able-ability.  Di  fiuse-ible-ibility. 

Improve-able-ability.  Infuse-ible-ibility. 

4.  Exercise.     See  exception  2d  under  K^jN^  3d. 

Obey-ed-ing.  Annoy-ed-ing. 

Delay-ed-ing.  Destroy-ed-ing. 

5.  Exercise.     See  Rule  3d. 

Glory-ous-ously.  Melody-ous-ously. 

Envy-ous-ously.  Penury-ous-ously. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


57 


6.   Exercise.   See  1st  exception  under  Rule  3d. 


Duty-ous-ously. 
Pity-ous-ously. 

7.  Exercise.     See  Rule  4t.h. 

Fry-ing. 
Cry-ing. 

8.  Exercise.     See  Rule  6tli. 

Skim-mer-med. 
^  Whip-per-ped-ping. 

9.  Exercise.     See  Rule  7tli. 

Chain-ed-inor. 
Rain-ed-inor. 

10.  Exercise.     See  Rule  Sth, 

Educate-ion. 
Obligate-ion. 

11.  Exercise.     See  Rule  9tli. 

Separate-ble-bility. 
Imitate-ble-bility. 

12.  Exercise.      See  Rule  10th. 

Comply-able. 
Apply-able. 

13.  Exercise.     See  Rule  11th  and  its  exception. 

Purify-cation. 
Edify-cation. 

14.  Exercise.     See  Rule  12th. 

Moralize-ation. 
Christianize-ation. 

15.  Exercise.     See  note  under  Rule  12th. 

Recite-ation.  Found-ation. 

Accuse-ation.  Condemn-ation. 


Beauty-ous-ously. 
Plenty-ous-ously. 

Mortify-ing-ingly. 
Satisfy-ing-ingly. 

Refer-red-ring. 
Concur-rent-rence 

Load-ed-ing. 
Sail-ed-ing. 

Suffuse-ion. 
Confuse-ion. 

Confederate-cy. 
Intimate-cy. 

Patrimony-al. 
Harmony-ous. 


Satisfy-action. 
Rareiy-action. 

Crystalize-ation, 
Realize-ation. 


^n 


58  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XL 

CLASSIFICATION    OF    SUFFIXES. 

A  few  exorcises,  under  each  of  the  following  examples,  in  carrying 
out  the  subjoined  words,  will  aid  scholars  in  the  general  formation  of 
derivatives. 

The  suffixes  of  our  language  are,  to  a  great  extent,  grouped  together 
in  classes  of  similar  formations.  All  words,  however,  do  not  embrace 
the  whole  family,  as  given  below ;  but  such  as  are  taken,  are  members 
of  it. 

The  suffix  ful,  takes  some,  or  all  of  those  which  follow  it,  as  shown 
by  No.  1  ;  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  other  classes. 

1 .  ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

2.  ish-ishly-ishness.  11.  ize-ized-ization. 

3.  ic-ical-ically.  12.  ate-ated-ating-ation. 

4.  able-ably-ableness.  13.  ed-edly-edness. 

5.  ible-ibleness-ibility.  14.  fy-fied-fying-fication. 

6.  ous-ously-oiisness.  15.  ion-al-ality. 

7.  ive-ively-iveness.  16.  ory-orily. 

8.  ence-ent-ently.  17.  some-somely. 

9.  ed-er-ing.  18.  ist-ism. 

10.  ment-al-ary.  19.  en-ened-ening. 

EXAMPLES. 

1.  Hope-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 

Faith,  Health,  Art,  Care,  &c.,  are  formed  like  Hope 

2.  Child-ish-ishly-ishness. 

Fool,  Slave,  Clown,  &:c.,  are  foiled  like  Child. 

3.  Metliod-ic-ical-ically. 

Poet,  Angel,  Alphabet,  &:c,,  the  same  as  Method. 

4.  Cliange-able-ably-ableness-ability. 

Accept,  Commute,  Blame,  Sic  ,  same  as  Change. 


/ 

ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  69 

5.  Resist-ible-ibly-ibility. 

Compress,  Defense,  Contract,  &c.,  same  as  Resist. 

6.  Danger-ous-ously-ousness. 

Glory,  Slander,  Ruin,  <&;c.,  same  as  Danger. 

7.  Attract-ive-ively-iveness. 

Diffuse,  Oppress,  Coerce,  &c.,  same  as  Attract. 

8.  Dep€nd-ence-ent-ently. 

Indulge,  Confide,  Differ,  &c.,  same  as  Depend. 

9.  Muffle-ed-er-ing, 

Ramble,  Swindle,  Grumble,  <fcc.,  same  as  Muffle. 

10.  Aliment-al-ary. 

Element,  Supplement,  &c.,  same  as  Aliment. 

11.  Real-ize-ized-izing-ization. 

Civil,  Human,  Moral,  &c.,  same  as  Real. 

12.  Obligate-ed-ing-ion. 

Indicate,  Accelerate,  &c.,  same  as  Obligate. 

13.  Confuse-ed-edly. 

Conceit,  Content,  Refine,  &c.,  same  as  Confuse. 

14.  Clarify-ed-ing-cation. 

Gratify,  Modify,  Sanctify,  &c.,  same  as  Clarify. 

15.  Nation-al-ality. 

Constitution,  Form,  &:c.,  same  as  Nation. 

16.  Contradict-ory-orily. 

Interrogate,  Derogate,  &c.,  same  as  Contradict. 

17.  Trouble-some-somely-someness. 

Delight,  Loathe,  Toil,  &c.,  same  as  Trouble. 

18.  Method-ist-ism. 

Federal,  Formal,  Roman,  &c.,  same  as  Method 

19.  Sharp-en-ened-ening. 

Sweet,  Soft,  Hard,  Quick,  &c.,  same  as  Sharp 


60  A  X  A  L  y  S  I  S      O  F     T  H  F 

SECTION  XII. 

SPECIAL   RULES    FOR    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY  FREFIXEI^ 

Many  words,  so  far  as  respects  the  English  language,  aTe 
primitives  ;  yet  in  that  language  from  which  they  are  de- 
rived, they  are  either  compound,  or  derivative  words.  Such^ 
especially,  are  words  of  Greek  and  Latin  origin.  For  ex- 
ample. Abscond,  so  far  as  our  language  alone  is  concernedyis 
a  primitive  word,  because  we  have  no  such  English  word  as 
scond.  But  in  the  Latin,  from  which  it  is  derived,  the  word 
is  a  compound,  from  the  prepositions  ahs  and  con,  and  the 
verb  do.  Also,  Advert,  in  English,  is  primitive,  but  in  Latin, 
from  which  it  is  derived,  it  is  compounded  of  ad^  meaning  to, 
and  verto,  to  turn.  Hence,  Advert  signifies  to  turn  to. 
Now,  supposing  the  word  and  its  prefixes  to  stand  thus, 
re-a-Ad,vert,  or  thus,  re-a.  Ad,vert,  we  first  take  away  ad, 
and  substitute  a,  which  is-  anolher  Latin  preposition,  and  it 
becomes  yi,vert,  and  literally  means  to  turn  away.  Again,  we 
drop  a,  and  substitute  re  in  its  place,  and  it  becomes  ivf  ,vert, 
signifying  to  turn  back.  Hence,  it  must  not  be  forgotten  by 
the  student,  that,  in  all  cases,  when  one  prefix  is  to  be  drop- 
ped, and  another  substituted  in  its  place,  this  class  of  primi- 
tive words  will  be  printed  thus.  Con, vert,  Ac, cord,  Ex, elude, 
De,flect ;  and  that  the  part  of  the  word  which  precedes  the 
comma,  must  be  dropped,  when  another  prefix  is  to  be  used. 

EXAMPLE,  % 

at-dis-de-re-pro.     Con, tract,    to  draw  together. 

Explanation. — First  drop  con,  and  substitute  pro,  and  it 
becomes  Protract,  to  draw  out.  Again,  drop  pro,  ar^d  substir» 
tute  /?,  and  it  forms    Retract,  to  draw  back.     In   th«   same 


E  N  O  L  I  S  H     L  A  N'  G  U  A  G  E.  6l 

itianner,  de  forms  D-ctract,  to  draw  away  from  ;  dis  forms  Dis- 
tract,  to  draw  apa^  or  to  separate  ;  and  at  forms  u4^tract,  to 
draw  to,  or  to  unite. 

When  no  part  of  tlie  primitive  Avord  is  separated  by  a 
comma,  the  combination  is  simply  to  drop  one  prefix,  and 
join  another. 


SECTION  XIII. 

MANNER    OF    DEFINING    BY    PREFIXES    AND    SUFFIXES. 

We  will  now  endeavor  to  explain,  in  a  familiar  way,  the 
manner  of  defining  words  by  their  prefixes  and  suffixes. 
And  it  is  simply  to  give  the  signification  of  the  primitive 
word,  in  connection  with  the  separate  import  of  such  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes,  as  constitute  the  whole  word.  For  an 
example,  we  will  take  j^am^,  which  is  a  primitive,  and  means 
fire.  Now,  if  we  prefix  in,  it  makes  /nflame,  and  increases 
the  import  of  the  primitive  word,  and  literally  means  to  put 
fire  171,  or  to  set  o?i  fire.  Again,  if  we  take  htRammable — 
able,  means  capable  of,  or  capable  of  beii^g ;  hence,  Ate  join 
capable  of  being,  to  the  meaning  of  in,  and  flame,  and  the 
whole  word  means  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Now  take 
InRsimmabiliti/ — ability,  means  the  quality  capable  of  being. 
This  expression  being  joined,  in  like  manner,  to  what  In- 
flame means,  will  make  the  literal  signification  of  /nflamma- 
bility  to  be,  the  quality  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.  Next, 
if  we  add  the  second  prefix,  and  form  Z7/?mflammai/*?,  we 
must  add  the  meaning  of  un  to  what  In^wawnable  means,  and 
the  whole  expression  will  be,  Uniyi^^mmable,  not  capable  of 
being  set  on  fire.  Again,  take  UninRammubleness — ableness, 
means  the  property  capable  of  being.     Now  give  th«  whol» 

6 


62  ANALYSISOFTHE 

import,  and  Unin^ammablcness  literally  signifies,  the  prop* 
erty  ?iot  capable  of  being  set  on  fire.     ^ 

If  we 'take   Delude,  signifying  to  deceive^  we  can  form. 

Deluder,    the  person  who  deceives. 

Delusion,    the  act  of  deceiving.  , 

Delusive.    te7idino-  to  deceive. 

Redeem  signifies  to  ransom  ;  ir  means  not  ;  and  able,  capa- 
ble of  being.  Hence,  /rredeemai/e  means,  not  capable  of 
being  ransomed. 

Join  is  a  primitive  word,  and  signifies  to  unite.  Let  it 
stand  thus  with  its  prefixes  and  suffixes  : 

inter-mis-sub-dis-un-re-con-ad-Join.     ion-ed-ing. 

Explanation. — Ad,  means  to  ;  con,  with,  or  together  with  ; 
re,  again  ;  un,  not  ;  dis,  parting  ;  mis,  wrong  ;  sub,  under  ; 
inter,  between  ;  ion,  the  act  of;  ed,  was  ;  ing,  continuing  to. 
Hence,  Ad]om,  is  joining  to  ;  Coji]uuction,  the  act  of  join- 
ing with  ;  Recon]uuciion,  the  act  of  joining  with  again  ;  Un- 
con]o\Y\ed,  not  joined  roith,  or  together ;  Re]OVi\ed,  was  joined 
again  ;  Un']0\ued,  ivas  not  joined  ;  Disioin,  parting  what  was 
joined;  Subjoin,  to  join  under;  ikfzVjoin,  to  join  wrong; 
Interjoming,  continuing  to  join  between. 

Hope  implies  expectation  ;  Hopeful,  full  of  expectation  ; 
and  Hopeless,  without  hope,  or  expectation. 

The  primitive  word  must  in  all  cases  be  learned  ;  then  if 
you  pronounce  its  primitive  signification  in  connection  with 
what  all  its  component  parts  mean,  you  have  the  precise 
analytic  import  of  the  entire  word.  A  little  careful  study 
will  render  this  exercise  perfectly  familiar,  and  give  the 
student  an  entire  and  ready  command  of  language,  and  an 
instantaneous  mental  perception  of  the  true  import  of  words 
written  or  spoken. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  63 

SECTION  XIV. 

THE    DIFFERENT    IMPORT    OF    CERTAIN    PREFIXES. 

Most  of  the  prefixes  are  uniform  in  their  distinctive  im- 
port while  a  few  are  used  in  two  or  more  senses,  widely 
different;  as,  im,  in,  il,  ir,  &c. 

These  prefixes,  more  generally,  when  united  to  verbsj 
increase  or  strengthen  the  original  meaning  of  the  primitive 
words ;  as,  in  /wpress,  I?ifo\d,  //luminate,  /rradiate.  In 
each  case,  additional  force  is  given  to  the  primitives,  press^ 
fold,  luminate,  and  radiate,  by  prefixing  im,  in,  H,  and  ir.  But 
when  the  same  prefixes  are  united  to  adjectives,  and  occa- 
sionally to  some  other  parts  of  speech,  they  entirely  reverse 
or  change  the  primitive  signification  ;  as,  in  /^possible.  In- 
sensible,  //legible,  /rrational.  These  words  now  mean  the 
same  as  not  possible,  not  sensible,  not  legible,  not  rational. 

As  this  work  is  specially  designed  to  aid  English  scholars 
who  have  no  knowledge  of  the  classics,  and  consequently 
could  not  trace  out  very  remote  derivations,  it  was  thought 
advisable,  for  their  benefit,  to  accommodate  ihe  arrangement 
in  this  respect,  to  their  understandings,  by  giving  those  words 
whose  signification  is  greatly  expanded,  under  different 
heads,  or  by  repeating  the  root,  in  connection  with  such  pre- 
fixes, as  in  each  case  would  best  correspond  with  the  several 
primitive  meanings. 

For  example  :  ylnnounce,  signifies  to  publish,  or  declare 
to  ;  and,  in  its  natural  connection,  iis  Pronounce.  But  Re- 
nounce,  means  to  disown,  or  reject ;  and,  in  accordance  with 
this,  is  Denounce  ;  yet  all  these  words  have  the  same  root. 
Also,  //istruct,  to  teach  ;  Construe,  to  translate  ;  StructJ/r*,  a 
building  ;   Obstruct,  to  block  up  ;  and  Destroy,  to  pull  down, 


64  AKALYSIS0FTHI5 

are  from  tlie  same  root,  Striio,  to  build.     All  then  '>' 

haA^e  corresponding  prefixes,  and  when  r/alatively  a;  iw^..«)^, 
the  whole  becomes  perfectly  intelligible  to  the  English 
scholar. 

The  scholar  must  also  remember  that  some  of  the  prefixes, 
and  especially  ww,  rarely  combine  with  the  primitive  word 
till  it  has  assumed  some  of  its  derivative  forms  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  suffix  ;  as,  Faith  can  not  with  propriety  become  f/n- 
faith,  but  Unfaiithful. 

A  little  observation  will  afford  the  best  guide  on  this  point. 
Re  and  un  are  prefixed  to  adjectives  and  participles  almost 
at  pleasure  ;  and,  are  not  always  mserted  in  this  work  where 
they  might  be  used  with  propriety. 

It  is  now  thought  the  prefixes  have  been  explained  so 
clearly,  that  no  scholar,  who  wishes  to  understand  and  apply 
them  correctly,  need  make  a  mistake,  although  he  may  not 
be  under  the  care  of  any  teacher. 

Scholars  will  derive  much  benefit  in  defining  words,  by 
understanding  the  parts  of  speech.  These  may  generally 
be  known  by  the  termination,  or  suffix  ;  thus, 

Verbs  are  indicated  by — fy,  ize. 

Verbs,  participles,  or  adjectives,  by — ate,  ed,  en. 

Participles,  adjectives,  or  nouns,  by — ing. 

Nouns   or  adjectives,  by — ant,  ent,  ory,  er. 

Nouns  by — ableness,  ibleness,  ability,  ibility,  ance,  ancy, 
ence,  ency,  ion,  ity,  ism,  age,  dbm,  hood,  ric,  ship,  cy,  ist, 
ics,  mcnt,  ure,  ness. 

Adjectives  by — able,  ible,  ac,  al,  ful,  ic,  ive,  ish,  ile,  less, 
lar,  ous,  fie. 

Adverbs  by — ably,  ibly,  antly,  ently,  ately,  ally,  fully, 
ively,  ingly,  edly,  ishly,  lessly,  ously,  somely,  urcly,  orily. 


X 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


65 


SECTION  XV. 

AN    EXERCISE    IX    FORMING    DERIVATIVES    BY    PREFIXES. 

Let  the  pupil  read  the  following  words  with  their  several  definitions, 
then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  give  their  import,  as  thus  modified. 

"VYlien  no  separation  of  any  part  of  the  word  to  be  defined,  is  made 
by  a  comma,  each  prefi-x,  one  by  one,  is  to  be  joined  to  the  entire 
word ;  and,  when  such  word  has  been  defined  by  one  prefix,  that  pre- 
fix must  be  dropped  and  another  taken ;  thus, 

mal  mis.     Formation,   the  act  of  forming, 
ilf/.s'formation,    a  wrong  formation. 
3/fir/formation,    a  bad  formation. 


mis  re. 
mis  re. 
dis  re. 
mis  re. 
octa  hexa. 
in  over, 
pre  re. 
CO  un. 
bene  male, 
il  over. 
im  over, 
ante  post. 
over  re. 
dis  re. 
en  un. 
un  m. 
dis  mis. 
out  re. 
enig. 


Apply,   to  lay  on  ;  to  fit ;  to  be  busy. 

Allege,    to  declare  ;  affirm,  or  assert. 

Appear,   to  come  in  sight ;  obvious  to  the  mind. 

Call,    to  name,  or  summon. 

Chord,    string  of  a  musical  instrument. 

Elegant,    polished  ;  polite  ;  refined. 

Engage,    to  promise  to  do. 

Equal,   of  similar  dimensions. 

Factor,    a  doer  of  something  ;  an  agent. 

Liberal,    of  a  free  heart ;  generous. 

Modest,    sense  of  propriety  ;  not  bold. 

Position,    a  place,  or  situation. 

Supply,   to  furnish  what  is  wanted. 

Unite,   to  join,  or  put  together. 

Sure,    certain  ;  firm  ;  infallible. 

Close,    to  shut ;  to  finish. 

Place,    to  sit,  or  fix. 

Sail,  to  move  upon  water  in  a  ship. 

Noble,  great;  dignified;  generous 


66  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XVI. 

AN    EXERCISE    IN    DEFINING    BY    PREFIXES. 

On  this  page  and  the  next,  the  student  may  first  define  the  given 
word,  then  combine  its  prefixes  and  define  it  in  such  connection.  Most 
of  the  words  here  used,  are  found  in  other  parts  of  the  book,  with  their 
derivatives. 

This  exercise  is  merely  to  render  the  prefixes  more' familiar,  and  may 
be  often  repeated,  singly  or  in  concert. 

over  un.  Anxious,    greatly  concerned  ;   solicitous. 

mis  re.  Choose,    to  pick  out ;  to  select,  or  prefer. 

super  sub.  Celestial,    relating  to  heaven.      C<Elum,  heaven. 

over  in.  Curious,    strong  desire  for  novelty ;  nice. 

dis  un.  Courteous,   polite  ;  Mrell-bred  ;  civil. 

in  over.  Diligent,   steady  in  application;  not  idle. 

in  mis.  Direct,    to  point,  or  aim  ;  straight ;  right 

demi  equi.  Distance,   remoteness ;  reserved. 

in  un.  Discreet,    prudent ;  cautious  ;  not  rash. 

bi  un.  Fold,   to  double  ;  an  enclosure. 

mis  re.  Judge,   to  hear  and  determine  a  case. 

re  con.  Join,   to  unite  ;  to  connect. 

counter  equi. Poise,   to  balance  in  weight. 

preter  im.  Perfect,    finished  ;  complete. 

non  in.  Sane,    sound  ;  healthy  ;  having  reason. 

counter  pre .  Signal,    a  sign  given  ;  memorable. 

mis  un.  Sent,    dispatched  ;  thrown,  or  cast. 

aiiti  un.  Scriptural,    according  to  Scripture. 

con  sub.  Sequence,    that  which  follows. 

re  un.  Tempted,    inticed;  allured. 

mis  un.  Taught,    instructed. 

ante  proto.  Type,    an  emblem  ;  a  model ;  to  prefigure. 

con  inter.  Texture,    the  act  of  weaving  ;  a  web. 

pyro  poly.  Technics,   the  doctrine  of  arts  in  general. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE. 


67 


under  co. 
over  super. 
un  in. 
dis  un. 
after  mis. 
over  mis. 
mono  a. 
ante  post, 
geo  helio. 
be  de. 
over  il. 
preter  il. 
inter, 
unim  im. 
im  un. 
im  un. 
dys  eu. 
non  im. 
re  un. 
re  over, 
re  pre. 
im  re. 
re  dis. 
over  un. 
anti  pro. 
un  re. 
mis  dis. 
super, 
in  un. 
dis  re. 
un  inter. 
over  un. 


Agent,   an  actor  ;  an  active  cause. 
Abound,    to  possess  much  of;  prevalent. 
Arable,    fit  for  plowing.     Aro,  to  plow. 
Belief,   an  assent  of  the  mind  to. 
Conduct,    good,  or  bad  actions  ;  behavior. 
Carry,   to  bear  ;  to  convey,  or  transpoit. 
Chromatic,   relating  to  color. 
Diluvian,   pertaining  to  the  flood. 
Centric,    pertaining  to  the  center. 
Charm,    to  control  by  incantation. 
Liberal,    of  a  free  heart ;  generous. 
Legal,    according  to  law.     Lex,  law. 
Mediate,   to  interpose  to  effect  a  union. 
Mortal,    subject  to  death  ;  deadly.  [i^g"* 

Malleable,    that  may  be  drawn  out  by  hammer- 
Polite,    courteous  ;  refined.     Polls,  a  city. 
Peptic,    promoting  digestion.  [^dge. 

Proficiency,    improvement ;  progress  in  knowl- 
Pack,   to  put  together  in  order  ;  a  bundle. 
Pay,    to  remunerate  ;  to  discharge,  as  a  debt. 
Possess,    to  have  ;  to  hold,  or  occupy. 
Plant,    to  put  in  the  ground,  as  seed. 
People,   the  inhabitants  of  any  place.    • 
Ripe,    perfection  in  growth  ;  mature. 
Slavery,    bondage  ;  servitude. 
Traced,    marked  out ;  delineated. 
Trust,   to  place^  confidence  in. 
Vision,    sight ;  the  faculty  of  seeing. 
Tractable,    easily  led,  or  taught. 
Union,    a  joining  ;  a  junction. 
Weave,   to  unite  threads  in  making  cloth. 
Wrought,  formed  by  work,  or  labor 


68  ANALYSISOFTHE 

SECTION  XVII. 

EXPLANATION    OF    THE    ARRAN6EMENT    AND    CHARACTERS. 

The  following  explanation  of  the  arrangement  and  characters  in 
subsequent  sections,  indicating  derivative  formations  by  prefixes  and 
suffixes,  should  be  made  perfectly  familiar. 

1.  The  prefixes  are  placed  in  the  left  hand  margin  of  the 

page  ;  or,  ii*  the  body  of  the  page  in  the  sa?ne  line,  and 
on  the  left  of  tne  words,  with  which  they  are  to  com- 
bine ;  thus, 
re. Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible  ;  or  thus, 
com-de-ex-im-op-Position,    place,  or  station. 

2.  After  the  definition  is  given,  the  word  is  commonly  re- 

peated with  some,  or  all  of  its  suffixes,  separated  from 
each  other  by  hyphens  ;  thus, 
re. Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible. 
Appear-ed-ing-ance. 

3.  A  period  is  placed   after  the  last  sufiix  following  the 

word,  showing  the   end   of  the  foregoing  formations  ; 
and  then  follows  the  word  again,  if  necessary  to  be  re- 
peated, with  its  prefix  italicised,  and  its  suffixes  sub- 
joined as  above  ;  thus, 
re. Appear,  to  come  in  sight,  or  be  visible. 

Appear-ed-ing-ance.     re  Appear-ed-ing-ance. 

4.  When  the  word  is  not  repeated,  the  prefix  is  italicised 

and  followed  by  a  caret.     If  a  period  follow  the  caret, 
thus,   re^.  the  caret  shows   the   place  of   the  word   to 
which  the  prefix  is  to  be  added,  and  the  period  shows 
that  no  suffix  is  to  be  used  ;  thus, 
re*.  Appear-ed-ing-ance.     re^.     meaning  re  Appear. 

5.  A  suffix  after  the  caret,  thus,  re^ed,  denotes  the  formation 

to  be  reAppeareJ. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  69 

6  [f  a  period  follow  the  caret,  and  a  hyphen  follow  the 
period,  thus,  r<^,.-ed,  it  shows  the  first  formation  to  be 
r«e  Appear;  and  the  second^  re  Appeared. 

Note. — The  following  examples  more  fully  illustrate  the  combina- 
tions indicated  by  the  ar^ngeraent  and  characters  used  in  this  work. 

1.  re.  Appear-ed-ance. 

2.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  re^. 

3.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  re^ed. 

4.  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  rt^ed-ance. 
5  re.  Appear-ed-ance.  re^.-ed. 

6.     re.  Appear-ed-ance.     re^.-ed-ance. 

COMBINED     THUS  : 

1  Appear,  appear^c?,  appearrt'nce. 

iieappear,  r(eappearef7,  reappearance. 

2.  Appear,  appearec?,  appearance,  reappear. 

3.  Appear,  appearec?,  appearance,  reappearec?.  [ance. 

4.  Appear,  appeared/,  appearance,  reappeared/,  rcappear- 

5.  Appear,  appeared?,  appearance,  reappear,   reappeared. 

6.  Appear,  appearecZ,  appearance,  reappear,  reappeared, 

reappearance. 

7.  ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed.    re^.  mis^.  post^.  ante^.,  form 
Date,  dateJ,  redate,  m^^date,  po^Mate,  antedate. 

8.  Compress-ed-ing-ion-ible,  form  \ihh. 
Compressec?,    compress?no-,    compression,    compress- 

« 

A  correct  uiidcrstandiiiij  of  what  is  indicated  byre^. 
and  re^.-ed,  is  iudLspcnsably  lU'ces^nry. 

With  the  above  word,  re^.  denotes  reiip])car;  and 
rtf^.-ed,  reappear,  and  reappearec?. 


70  ANALYSISOFTHE 

SECTION  XVIII. 

EXERCISE    IN    FORMING     DERIVATIVES     WITHOUT    DEFINING 

un.     Blind,    destitute  of  the  sense  of  seeing. 

Component  parts.     % 

Blind-ed-ing-ly-ness.     un^ed. 
Combined  thus  : 

Blinder/,  Blindf;/o-,  Blind/y,  Blindr/e.v^,  C/'«blinde<f. 
un.     Bless,    to  express  a  desire  to  make  happy. 

Bless-ed-edly-edness.     wn^ed. 

Blesscc?,  IMessedhj,  'B\essed7iess,  Unblessed. 
un.     Class,    an  order  of  persons  ;  a  scientific  division. 

r/lass-ic-ical-ify-ified*-ification.     ww^ed-ical.        [tion. 

Classzc,    Classz'ca/,    Classz/y,    Classified,    Classifica' 

Unclassed,    Unclassical. 
un      Donbt,    to  waver  in  opinion  ;  to  hesitate. 

Doiibt-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less.     wn^ed-edly-ing. 

Doubter/,    Doubt/?//,    Doubt/w//y,    Douhtfulness. 

Undoubted,    U/tdoubtedlT/,    Undoubting, 
in.     Fail,    to  become  deficient ;  to  decay  ;  to  desert. 

Fail-ed-ing-ure.     un^mg. 

Fulled,    Fsiilhig,    Failure,    Ujifdiiling. 
un.     Faith,    belief;  trust;  assent  of  the  mind. 

Faith-ful-fuUy-fulness-less.     wn/ul-fulness. 

Faithful,    Faiihfulli/,    Faithfulness,    Unfaiithful. 
re.     Fund,    stock,  or  capital ;  increase  ;  money. 

Fund-ed-less.     re^ed-ing. 

Funder/,    Fund/e.?^,  Rr(m\ded,  Refunding. 
un.     Gild,    to  overlay  with  gold. 

Gild-ed-er-ing.     w«^ed-ing. 

Gilderf,    Gilder,    Gikh';?"-,    Ungilded,    Ungildi7ig. 

»See  Rule  lltb. 


KNGLISHLANGTTAGE.  71 

SECTION  XIX. 

A    FEW  FORMATIONS    FOR    THE    SCHOLAR    TO    SUPPLY. 

un      Harm,    to  damage,  or  injure  ;  damage.  ^ 

Harm-ful-fullyd^ess-lessly-lessness.     linked.  1 

Harmful,  Harm/?///y,  Harm/<"56',  UnhRrmed.  j 

un      Health,   that  state  in  which  all  parts  of  a  living  body 

Health-y-ily-iness-less-ful-fully-fulness.     [are  somid.  ' 

wn^y-ily-iness-ful-fully-fulness. 

Healthy,  Health?7y,*  Healthmi^^.v,  Z7//healthy. 
un      Heed,    to  mind  ;  to  regard  with  care. 

Heed-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     M«^ed-ing. 

Heed<?f7,  Heedful,  Heedless,  Unheeded,  Ujiheeding, 
un.      Learn,    to  gain  knowledge  ;  to  acquire  skill. 

Learn-ed-er-ing-edly.     w/?,ed-edly. 

Learned,  Learner,  LearnzVio-,  UnleRvned. 
un.     Need,    want  ;  necessity  for  something. 

Need-y-ily-less-lessly-ful-fully.     U7i^ed-(u\. 

Needy,  Need^Vy,*  Need/(°^.v,  U/meeded,  Unneedful 
un.     Pain,    any  uneasy  sensation  ;  disquietude. 

Pain-ful-fully-fulness-ed.     ?/n^ed-ful. 

Pa,mful,  Pa^infullj/,  Unpa^ined,  Unpsimful. 
un.     Skill,    familiar  knowledge  of  any  art,  or  science,  united 
with  dexterity  in  its  application. 

Skill-ful-fully-fulness.     w7^^ed-ful-fully. 
,   Skill/i//,  SkiWfulness,  Unskilled,  Unskillful. 
uu       Scorn,    extreme  contempt ;  to  despise. 

Scorn-ed-er-ful-fully-fulness-ing.     un^ed. 

ScorneJ,  Scorner,  Scorm»a-,  Unscorned. 
un.     Tune,   to  sing  with  melody,  or  harmony. 

Tune  ed-er-ing-ful-fully-less.f   wn^ed-able. 

»  S«e  Rule  8d.  f  See  Rule  1st. 


72  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XX. 

A    SPECIAL    EXPLANATION. 

In  some  few  instances,  the  first  hyphen  cuts  off  certain  letters  which 
are  essential  to  the  formation  of  a  legitimate  word ;  as  in  Digni-tj, 
Legi-ble,  Palp-able. 

This  division  is  made  simply  for  convenience  in  forming  other  deriv- 
atives. By  preserving  such  letters  only  as  undergo  no  change  in  the 
radical  part,  other  suffixes  can  be  added  in  the  uniform  manner. 

Hence,  it  must  be  distinctly  recollected,  that  when  a  word  is  so  di- 
vided by  a  hyphen,  as  to  be .  incomplete  without  adding  that  part  so 
cut  off,  the  first  letter  of  such  part  is  a  smnll  capital ;  as,  in  Digni-Ty, 
Legi-Ble,  Palp- Able ;  sliowing  that,  xy,  Ble,  and  Able,  must,  in  each 
case,  be  added  to  the  radical  part  to  form  a  legitimate  word ;  thus, 
Digni-Ty-fy-fied-fication ;  forming  Dignity,  Dignify,  Dignified,  <fec. 


EXERCISES    IN    FORMING    AND    DEFINING    DERIVATIVES. 

un.     Alarm,   to  arouse  by  fear  ;  an  out-cry. 

Component  parts. 
Alarm-ed-ing-ingly-ist.     wn^ed. 
Combined  and  defined  thus: 
Alarm er/,   was  alarmed,  or  aroused. 
Alarmm^,    causing  alarm. 
kizxraingly,   m  an  alarming  manner, 
f/nalarmet/,  was  not  alarmed, 
un.     Blame,   to  censure  ;  to  find  fault  with. 

Blame*-ed-er-ful-less-lessly-able.     ww^ed. 
Blamec?,    did  blame,  or  was  blamed. 
Blamer,    one  who  blames,  or  finds  fault. 
Blame/i/?,    full  of  blame  ;  faulty. 

*  See  Rule  1st  Only  an  occasional  reference  will  be  made,  hero- 
after,  to  the  rules  for  fonning  derivatives,  merely  to  remind  the  pxipil 
that  h«  muB*  cbeerve  their  application  at  every  st«p  ffi  hi»  j>rogreaa,. 


ENGLISHLANGUAGE.  73 

Bl^LTneless,   without  blame,  or  fault. 

Blamelesshj,   in  a  blameless  manner. 

B\ameless7icss,   the  state  of  being  blameless. 

Blumable,    that  may  be  blamed. 
in.      Dignity,    true  honor  ;  nobleness  ;  rank. 

Digni-Ty-fy-fied*-fication.     inj-j.     wn^fied. 

Digni/y,   to  make  honorable  ;  to  honor. 

Dignified,    was  made  honorable. 

Digni^ca^'o;?,   the  act  of  making  honorable. 

7/idigni^y,    treating  with  dishonor. 

Undignijied,    was  not  dignitied. 
im.     Method,    a  suitable  arrangement  ;  order. 

Method-ic-ical-ist-ism.     mjcal. 

Methodic,   pertaining  to  method. 

'Methodical,   pertaining  to  method. 

Methodism,   the  doctrines  of  Methodists. 

Methodist,   a  professo/of  Methodism. 

//nmethod/cfif/,    not  having  method. 
in.      Opulent,    wealthy  ;  rich  ;  affluent. 

Opul-Ent-ence-ently.     indent. 

Opulence,    wealth  ;  riches  ;  affluence. 

Opulentli/,   richly  ;  with  abundance. 

Inopulent,   not  wealthy  ;  not  rich. 
in.      Approach,   to  draw  near  ;  to  advance. 

Approach-ed-ing-able.     tn^able.     wn^ed-able. 

Approached,   did  approach,  or  draw  near. 

Approdiching,    continuing  to  draw  near. 

ApproachaS/e,   that  may  be  approached. 

/napproacha5Z(?,   that  may  not  be  approached. 
ZJnapproachec?,    was  not  approached. 
UnB,pproB.chabIe,   that  can  not  be  approached. 

I -r  ■—»»■!       j^i    r»»ji-T ■ 1 — I ' 

*  See  Rule  11th. 

7 


74  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

il.       Legal,    according  to  law;  lawful.     Lex,ln.w. 

Legal-ly-ity-ize-ized-izing.     iljty. 

Legal /y,    in  a  legal  manner;  lawfully. 

Legah7y,    lawfulness  ;  state  of  being  lawfuk 

Legah-s-^,    to  make  lawful. 

Legal/2:^^c?,    was  made  lawful. 

luegalizing,    making  lawful. 

//legal,   not  lawful. 

//legality,    unlawfulness. 
il.       Legible,    that  may,  or  can  be  read.     Lego,  to  read 

Legi-Ble-bly-bility.     e'/^ble-bly-bility. 

Legi/>/y,    in  a  legible  manner. 

Ijegibilili/,    the  state,  or  quality  of  being  legible. 

Illegible y   not  legible  ;  that  can  not  be  read. 

Illegibly,    in  a  manner  not  to  be  read. 

Illegibility,    the  quality  of  being  illegible.         ^ 
rni.     Palpable,    perceptible  by  the  touch. 
^  Palp-Ably-ability-ableness.     im^ably. 

Palp«6/y,    in  a  manner  perceptible  by  touch, 

Vdil^ability,   tKe  quality  of  being  perceptible, 

Impalpably,    not  to  be  perceived  by  touch, 
un.     Real,    actual  existence  ;  true  ;  genuine. 

Real-itj^-ize-ized-ization.     unsized. 

Reah'/y,   the  state  of  being  real,  or  geiuimev 
^Realize,   to  make  real,  or  effective. 

Tiedlized,   was  made  real. 

Healization,   the  act  of  making  real. 

Unrealized,    v/as  not  realized. 
un.     Subdue,   to  conquer  by  force  ;  to  overcome. 

Subdue-ed-ing.     w?i^ed. 

SubduiVio-,    continuing  to  conquer. 

I7nsubdu<?(/,   not  brought  into  subjection. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  -^  75 

SECTION  XXI. 

THE  WORD  PRESS  AND  EIGHTY-THREE   DERIVATIVES. 

Press,  a  primitive  word,  signifies  to  press,  or 

urge    by    weight.      From    PremOf 
pressum,  to  press. 
Press  er,  the  person  who  presses. 

Press  ure,  the  result  of  pressing. 

Press  ed,  did  press,  or  was  pressed. 

Press  ing,  continuing  to  press. 

Press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing. 

Press  ing  ly,       in  a  pressing  manner. 
Over  press,  to  press  too  much. 

Counter  press  ure,     opposite  pressure. 
Com  press,  to  press  together. 

Com  press  ed,  was  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  together. 

Com  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  together. 

Com  press  ible,  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ure,  the  result  of  being  pressed  together. 

Com  press  ibility,      the    quality   capable   of   being  pressed 

together,  or  the  capacity,  &;c. 
Com  press  ible  ness,  the  property,  or  quality  capable  of  being 

pressed  together. 
Un  com  press  ed,       was  not  pressed  together. 
Un  com  press  ible,    not  capable  of  being  pressed  together. 
Iq  com  press  ibility,  the  property,  or  quality  not  capable  of 

being  pressed  together. 
Re  press,  to  press  again  ;  put  down,  or  subdue. 

Re  press  ed,  was  pressed  again,  or  put  down,  &c. 

Re  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  again,  &c. 

Re  press  ive,  tending  to  press  again^  <fec. 


76 


ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


Re  press  ing, 
Re  press  er, 
Re  press  ive  ly 
Ir  re  press  ible, 
De  press, 
De  press  ed, 
De  press  ion, 
De  press  or, 
De  press  ible, 
De  press  ing, 
Ex  press, 
Ex  press  ed. 
Ex  press  ion, 
Ex  press  ible, 
Ex  press  ive. 
Ex  press  ing, 
Ex  press  ly, 


continuing  to  press  again,  &c. 

the  person  who  presses  again,  &c. 

in  a  repressive  manner. 

not  capable  of  being  pressed  again,  &;t 

to  press  down,  or  bear  down. 

was  pressed  down. 

the  act  of  pressing  down. 

the  person  who  presses  down. 

capable  of  being  pressed  down. 

continuing  to  press  down. 

to  press  out,  or  utter  by  words. 

was  uttered  by  words,  &c. 

the  act  of  uttering  by  words,  &c. 

capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

continuing  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

in  an  express  manner. 
Ex  press  ive  ly,     in  an  expressive  manner. 
Ex  press  ive  ness,  the  property,  or  quality  capable  of  be- 
ing uttered  in  words. 
In  ex  press  ible,         not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 
In  ex  press  ive,  not  tending  to  utter  by  words,  &c. 

In  ex  press  ibly,         in  an  inexpressible  manner. 
In  ex  press  ibility,     the  property,  or  quality  not  capable  of 

being  uttered  by  words. 

was  not  uttered  by  words. 

not  capable  of  being  uttered  by  words. 

not  tending  to  express  by  words. 

to  press  in,  or  imprint. 

was  pressed  in,  &lc. 

the  act  of  pressing  in. 

continuing  to  press  in,  &;c. 


Un  ex  press  ed, 
Un  ex  press  ible, 
Un  ex  press  ive, 
Im  press, 
Im  press  ed, 
Im  press  ion, 
Im  press  ing, 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  77 

Im  press  ive,  tending  to  press  in. 

Im  press  ure,  the  result  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  ible,  capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

Im  press  ment,  the  act  of  pressing  in. 

Im  press  iA^e  ly,  in  an  impressive  manner. 

Im  press  ive  ness,  the  property  capable  of  being  pressed 

in,  or  capacity,  &lc. 

Im  press  ibility,  the  quality  capable  of  being  pressed  in. 

Re  im  press,  to  press  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ed,       ?*  was  pressed  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  in  again. 

Re  im  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  in  again. 

Un  im  press  ive,  not  tending  to  press  in. 

Op  press,  to  press  against ;  to  bear  down. 

Op  press  ed,  was  pressed  against,  Slc. 

Op  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  against,  &c. 

Op  press  or,  the  person  who  presses  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  against,  &c. 

Op  press  ive,  tending  to  press  against,  &ic. 

Op  press  ive  ly,  in  an  oppressive  manner. 
Op  press  ive  ness,  the  quality  of  pressing  against,  &;c. 

In  op  press  ive,  not  tending  to  press  against,  &c. 

Sup  press,  to  press  under,  or  to  bring  under. 

Sup  press  ed,  was  pressed  under,  &c. 

Sup  press  ion,  the  act  of  pressing  under. 

Sup  press  or,  the  person  who  presses  under. 

Sup  press  ing,  continuing  to  press  under. 

Sup  press  ive,  tendin|^o  press  under. 

In  sup  press  ion,  not  pflBRng  under. 

In  sup  press  ible,  not  capable  of  being  pressed  under. 

Un  sup  press  ed,  was  not  pressed  under. 


7* 


78  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    ONE    SYLLABLE. 

The  pupil  must  now  form  and  define  the  derivative  words 
for  himself,  as  in  the  following  example : 

un.     Mild,    soft ;  gentle  ;  moderate  ;  calm.     Mitis,  mild. 

Component  parts. 

Mild-ly-ness.     w^^.-ness. 

Combined  and  defined,  thus: 

Mild/y,    in  a  mild  manner ;  calmly. 

Mildnei'i*,    the  quality  of  being  mild. 

CZ/miild,    not  mild  ;  not  gentle. 

Unra\\i\.ness,    the  quality  of  being  unmild. 
un.     Bleach,    to  whiten,  or  make  white. 

Bleach-ed-er-ing.     «;?,^ed. 
un.     Blush,   to  redden  in  the  cheeks 

Blush-ed-ing,     ww^ing.  • 

un.     Blend,   to  mix,  or  mingle  together. 

Blend-ed-er-ing.     ?m^ed. 
un.     Bail,   to  set  free  from  arrest ;  to  dip  out  water. 

Bail-ed-er-able.     wn^ed. 
un.     Blight,   to  blast ;  a  disease  of  plants. 

Blight-ed-ing.     wn^ed. 
un.     Clasp,   to  close  in  the  hand. 

Clasp-ed-er-ing.     ww^ed. 
un.     Coil,   to  gather  in  a  circle,  as  a  rope. 

Coil-ed-ing.     ww^.-ed. 
un.     Curb,   to  restrain;  the  fence  of  a  well. 

Curb-ed-ing.     u7i^.-eA. 
sub.   Chant,   to  sing  ;  to  celebrate  in  song.     Canto^  to  sing. 

Chant-ed-er-ing.     suh^er. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  79 

out.    Frown,   to  knit  the  brow  ;  to  repel  by  a  stern  look. 

Frown-ed-ing-ingly.     out^. 
un.     Grant,    to  allow  ;  to  yield  ;  to  give ;  to  concede. 

Grant-ed-ing-or.     ww^ed. 
un.     Greet,   to  salute  ;  to  address  with  kind  wishes. 

Greet-ed-ing.     wn.ed. 
mis.  Lead,   to  guide  by  the  hand  ;  to  induce. 

Lead-er-ing.     mis^Awg. 
re.     Loan,   the  act  of  lending  ;  that  which  is  lent. 

Loan-ed-ing.     re^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Maira,   to  disable  ;  to  injure  ;  to  make  a  cripple. 

Maim-ed-ing.     ww,ed 
%m.     Quench,   to  extinguish  ;  to  put  out. 

Quench-ed-ing.     wn^able-ably. 
«in.     Quell,   to  subdue  ;  to  quiet,  or  to  restore  peace. 

Q«ell-ed-er-ing.     w/j^ed. 
un.     Screen,   to  shelter;  to  sift,  or  riddle  ;  a  riddk. 

Screen-ed-ing.     t/w^ed. 
un.     Shield,   to  eo^^er  ;  to  secure  ;  defensive  armor. 

Shield-ed-ing.     ww^ed, 
mi.     Shrink,   to  shrivel ;  to  draw  back  ;  to  recoil. 

Shrink-ing,     unjxig, 
tnis.   Spend,   to  lay  out ;  to  dispose  of,  or  waste. 

Spend-ing.     mis^.-mg.  ' 
un.     Saint,    a  holy  person  ;  a  Christian. 

Saint-ly -like-ship.     «??Jy. 
un.     Smooth,    glossy  ;  having  an  even  surface. 

Smooth-ly-ness-ed-er.     w7?.,.-ed. 
un.     Spoil,   to  ruin  4  to  corrupt ;  to  plunder. 

Spoil-ed-er-ing.     wn^ed, 
un.     Stain,    to  discolor  ;  to  blot,  or  spot ;  to  make  foul. 

Stain-ed-ing-less.     wn^ed. 


80  ANALYSISOFTHE 

SECTION  XXIII. 

PRIMITIVE  WORDS  OF  ONE  SYLLABLE    ENDING  WITH   FINAL  I. 

un.     Safe,    secure  from  danger. 

Safe-ly-ty.     «n^.-ly. 

Safe/y,    in  a  safe  manner. 

SdSQty,   in  a  state  secure  from  danger. 

ZJnsafe,    not  safe. 

Uns3.fel't/,    in  an  unsafe  manner. 
un.     Bribe,   to  offer  a  reward  to  pervert  judgment. 

Bribe-ed-er.*     un^ed. 
un.     Fade,   to  lose  color  ;  to  decay  ;  to  vanish. 

Fade-ed-ing.     un^ed-ing. 
un.     Prune,   to  trim  ;  to  lop  off  useless  branches 

Prune-ed-er-ing.     ?^n^ed. 
im.     Pure,   genuine  ;  free  from  mixture. 

Pure-ly-ness-ity.     im^.-ity. 
mis.     Rate,    to  tax  ;  a  tax,  or  price  fixed. 

Rate-ed-able.     mis^.-ed. 
un.     Shame,    that  which  brings  reproach  ;  disgrace. 

Shame-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     un^ed. 
un.     Tame,   to  make  gentle  ;  to  domesticate. 

Tame-ed-ing-able-ableness.     wn^ed-able. 
un.     Trade,   to  bartt%  ;  to  buy  and  sell. 

Trade-ed-er-ing.     unjng. 
un.     Urge,   to  press  ;  to  press  by  motives  ;  to  importune 

TJrge-ed-ing-ent-ently-ency.     un^ed. 
re.     Crime,    an  offence  ;  a  violation  of  law. 

Crime-ful-less-inal-inally-inality-inate.     rcjnate. 
Crude,    raw  ;   in  a  natural  state  ;  rough. 

Crude-ly-ness-ity. 


*  Observe  Rules  1st  and  2d,  throughout  this  section. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  81 

un.      Fruit,    productions  of  the  earth  ;  as  grain,  &c. 

Fruitful-fiilly-fuhiess-less.     wn/ul-ness. 
un.     Friglit,    sudden  fear,  or  alarm. 

Fright-ful-fully-fuhiess-less.     «7>^ened. 
re.      New,    lately  made  ;  recent ;  not  old. 

Renew,    to  make  new,  or  to  improve. 

New-ly-ness-ish.      re^.-ed-ing-al. 
un.     Thought,    an  idea  formed  in  the  mind. 

Thought-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly.     unjnh 
un.     Till,    to  cultivate  the  ground. 

Till-ed-ing-able.     vn^ed. 
un.     Tax,    to  assess  a  tax;  to  charge  ;  a  rate. 

Tax-ed-er-ing-able-ation.     un^ed. 
over.  Whelm,    to  cover  with  water  ;  to  overburden. 

Whelm-ed-ing.     over^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Wrap,    to  v/ind,  or  fold  together  ;  to  involve. 

Wrap-ped-per-ping.     u?t^ped.     See  Rule  6th. 
be.     Wail,    to  lament ;  to  express  sorrow  audibly. 

Bewiil,  to  bemoan.      \Vail-ed-ing.     he^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Chaste,    pure;  uncorrupted.     See  Rule  1st 

Chaste-ly-ity.     nn^.     injty. 
un.     Curve,    to  bend  in  a  circular  form. 

Curve-ed-ing-ity-aturc.     ?//2^ed. 
in.     Cure,    to  heal,  as  a  disease.  <^ 

Cure-ed-able.     //z^able-abilitv.     im.ed. 
over.  Drive,    to  impel ;  to  urge  forward  by  force. 

Drive-ing-er.     over^.     nn^en. 
be.      Guile,    craft;   cunning;    artifice. 

J5eguile,    to  impose  on  by  artifice. 
Guile -fid-fuUy-fulness-Iess.     ^-'-..-ed. 
ag.     Grieve,    to  mourn  ;  to  give  pain  of  mind  to. 

Grieve-ed-ing-ingly-ous-ously-ousness. 


82  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION   XXIV. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLI,ABLES. 

un.     Accost,    to  address  ;  to  speak  to,  face  to  face. 

Accost-ed-ing.     ?/;/^ed. 

Accosted,    did  address,  or  was  addressed. 

Accosting,    continuing  to  address. 

UnRccosted,    was  not  addressed. 
un.     Affirm,    to  assert  positively  ;  to  declare.  . 

Affirm-ed-ing-ance-ation-ative.     un^ed. 
un.     Arrest,    to  take  a  person  with  a  warrant ;  to  stop. 

Arrest-ed-ing-ment.     7//?^ed. 
un.     Complain,    to  murmur,  or  find  fault. 

Complain-ed-ing-ant.     unjing. 
dis.     Content ;  to  satisfy  ;  to  quiet ;  easy  ;  satisfied. 

Content-ed-edlj'-edness-ment.     dis  ^ed-ment. 
un.     Defend,    to  vindicate  ;  to  drive  back  ;  to  repel. 

Defend-ed-cr-ing-ant.     un^ed. 
un.     Deliglit,    a  high  degree  of  pleasure  ;  to  please. 

Delight-ful-fully-fulness-some-someness.     un  Jul. 
pre.     Design,    to  plan;  to  project;  to  delineate  a  figure. 

Design-ed-ing-less.     pre^.-ed-'uig. 
un.     Exert,   to  put  forth  power  of  body,  or  mind. 

Exert-ed-ing-ion,     un^ed, 
un.     Instruct,    to  teach  ;  to  impart  knowledge. 

Instruct-ed-ing-or-ion-i  ve .     ttn^ed-'ive. 
un.     Impeach,    to  accuse,  or  censure. 

Impeach-ed-ing-ment.     un^cd-ahle. 
un.     Molest,   to  trouble,  or  disturb. 

Molest-ed'-er-ing-ation.     un^ed, 
self.    Neglect,    to  omit  by  carelessness,  or  design. 

Neglect-ed-ful-fully  -ing.     self^Ang. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  83 

un      Adapt,   to  make  suitable  to  the  use.     Apto^  to  fit. 

Adapt-ed-edness-ation.     ?/«,ed. 
un.     Addict,    to  apply  one's  self  habitually  to. 

Addict-ed-ing.     unjddi.     Dico,  to  dedicate 
uii.     Arraign,   to  call  to  the  bar,  as  a  prisoner. 

Arraign-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Assail,   to  attack  ;  to  fall  upon  by  violence 

Assail-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Salio,  to  leap. 
un.     Blemish,   to  injure  ;  a  mark  of  deformity. 

Blemish-ed-ing-less.     wn^ed-able-ably. 
un.     Cancel,    to  blot  out ;  to  cross  out,  or  annul. 

Cancel-ed-lation.   un^ed.     Cancello,  to  cut  cross-wise 
un.     Counsel,   to  give  advice  ;  to  recommend. 

Counsel-ed-ing-or-orship.     wn^ed. 
mis.  Demean,   to  behave  either  well,  or  ill.  ^ 

Demean-ed-inof.     mis^Qd. 
un.     Except,    to  leave  out ;  to  exclude  ;  to  object  to. 

Except-ed-ing-ion-ionable.     wnjonable. 
un.     Expand,    to  enlarge  ;  to  spread. 

Expand-ed.     Expan-sion-sive-sibility. 
un.     Extol,   to  praise  ;  to  eulogize  ;  to  raise  in  words. 

Extol-led-ling.     See  Rule  6.     Tollo,  to  lift  up. 
un.     Hallow,   to  make  holy  ;  to  consecrate. 

Hallow-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Tarnish,   to  sully  ;  to  soil  ;  to  become  dull. 

Tarnish-ed-ing.     vn^ed. 
in.      Valid,   having  sufficient  strength,  or  power. 

InYdXidate^    to  weaken,  or  make  weaker. 

Valid-ly-ity.     tn^.-ity-ate-ating. 
an.     Vital,    pertaining  to  life.      Vita,  life. 

Vitalize,    to  give  life. 

Vital-ly-ity-ize-ization. 


i 

1 


S4  A  N  A  L  Y  S  I  S      (J  F      T  H  £ 

all.     Abhor,    to  hate  extremely  ;  to  loathe,  or  detest. 

Abhor-red-rence-rent.     «Z(,red.     See  Rule  6. 
anti.  Asthma,    difficulty  of  breathing. 

Asthma-tic.     anf-ijic.     See  Appendix,  No.  1 ,  Ru^e  8, 
ant.    Arctic,    northern  constellation,  called  the  Bear. 

-<4?i^artic,    opposite  to  the  arctic. 
un.     Benign,  or  Benignant,    kind  disposition  ;  favorable. 

Benig-Nant-nantly-nity.     tmji. 
over.  Clamor,    a  great  outcry,  or  noise.      Clamo,  to  cry. 

Clamor-ous-ously-ousness.     over  ^ous. 
un.     Canvass,    to  examine  returns  of  votes  ;  to  discuss. 

Canvass-ed-er-ing.     ««,ed. 
over.  Captious,    disposed  to  find  fault  ;.  apt  to  cavil. 

Captious-ly-ness.     ouer^.      Capio,  to  take. 
vifi.     Comfort,    ease  ;  relief  from  pain  ;  rest. 

Comfort-less-able-ably-ableness.     wn^able-ably. 
un.     Contemn,    to  despise,  or  reject  with  disdain. 

Conlemn-ed-ing.     7^//_,ed.      Terrijio,  to  despise, 
un.     Discard,    to  dismiss  ;  to  cast  off,  or  reject. 

Discard-ed-incj.     w/red. 
un.     Distrain,    to  seize,  or  take  for  debt. 

Distrain-ed-or-ing.      Strin^o,    to  touch  lightly. 
un.     Endow,    to  furnish  with  money,  or  goods  ;  to  enrich , 

Endow-ed-ment.     un.ed.  [to  settle  on. 

un.     Escort,    to  guard  on  a  journey  ;  a  guard. 

Escort-ed-ing.     vn^ed. 
un.     Exempt,    to  free  from,  or  to  be  free  from. 

Exempt-ed-ing-ion.     uu^^ed.     Enm,  to  buy. 
un.     Expect,    to  wait  for  ;  to  look  for  either  good,  or  evil. 

Expect-ant-ancy-alion.     tiv.vd.     Specio^  to  see. 
re.      Echo,    to  resound,  or  reflected  sound. 

Echo-ed-ing.     re  ^.-Qd-ing. 


ENGLISH      LAN'GUAGE.  85 

un.     Forbear,    to  abstain  from  ;  to  delay,  or  to  cease. 

Forbear-ance-ing.     wnjnsf. 
mi.     Forfeit,    to  lose  b}'^  some  fault,  offense,  or  crime. 

Forfeit-ed-ing-ure.     tailed. 
ef.      Florid,    abounding  with  flowers  ;  flushed  with  red. 

Florid-ity'ly-ness.     Flos,  a  flower. 
un.      Genteel,    polite  ;  well  bred  ;  easy  in  manner. 

Genteel-ly-ness.     un.^.-\y. 
un.     Hazard,    to  expose  to  chance,  or  peril ;  chance. 

Hazard-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-able.     wn^ed-ous. 
dis.    Honest,   just;  fair  in  dealing;  frank;  sincere. 

Honest-ly.     dis.^Ay.     Honor,  honor, 
un.     Harbor,    to  shelter  ;  a  port  for  a  ship  ;  a  place  of  safety. 

Harbor-ed-er-ing-less.     i/«,ed-ins', 
un.     Infest,    to  trouble  greatly  ;  to  disturb,  or  harass. 

Infest-ed-er-ing,     M?/^ed. 
un.     Insult,    to  abuse  ;  abuse  ;  insolence.      Sa/io,  to  leap 

Insult-ed-er-ing.     tinned. 
un.     Invent,    to  find  out  something  new  ;  to  contrive. 

Invent-ed-or-ion-ive.     w;y^ed-ive.      Venio,  to  come, 
over.  Jealous,    fearing  rivalship. 

Jealous-ly-ness.     over^.     un^. 
"un.     Lament,    to  mourn  ;  to  grieve,  or  bewail  ;  to  regret. 

Lament-ed-ing-able-ably-ation.     un^ed. 
self.  Murder,    to  kill  a  human  being  unlawfully. 

Murder-er-ess-ed-ing-ous-ously.     self^.-er. 
re.      Murmur,    to  complain  ;  to  grumble  ;  a  low  sound. 

Murmur-ed-er-ing-ingly.     ?z/?^ed-ing. 
re.      Model,    to  shape  ;  a  pattern  of  something  to  be  made 

'  Model-ed-er-ing.     r^^ed-ing.     Modus,  a  measure, 
un       Perform,    to  accomplish  ;  to  do  ;  to  fulfill. 

Perform-ed-er-ing-ance.     ««^ed-ing. 

8 


86  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXV. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES    CONTINUED. 

# 

un.     Abash,    to  confuse  ;  to  make  ashamed. 

Abash-ed-mtJ^-ment.     iin.ed. 
im.     Appall,    to  depress  with  fear  ;  to  be  dismayed. 

Appall-ed-ing-ingly-ment.    ?/»^ed.    Palleo,  to  be  pale, 
un.     Condemn,    to  pronounce  giiilty,  or  wrong. 

Condemn-ed-ing-ation-atory-able.     un^ed. 
un.     Candid,    open  ;  frank  ;  impartial  ;  free  from  bias. 

Candid-ly-ness.     un^Ay.      Candeo,  to  be  white, 
un.     Despair,    without  hope  ;  a  hopeless  state. 

Despair-ing-ingly.     unjng.    De,  without ',  spes,h.oip^ 
in.      Desert,    to  forsake  ;  deserving  good,  or  evil. 

Desert-ed-er-ing-ion.     in^.     u?i^ed. 
in.      Decent,    becoming  in  words,  behavior,  or  dress. 

Decent-ly-ness.     in^Ay.     Decet,  it  becomes. 
dis.    Embroil,    to  involve  in  troubles  ;  to  perplex, 

Embroil-ed-ing.     dis^.-ed-iug. 
im.     Partial,    biased  ;  showing  favor  without  a  reason. 

Partial-ly-ity.     im^Ay-ity.     Pars,  a  part, 
im.     Precise,    exact ;  nice  ;  formal. 

Precise-ly-ness-ion.     iinj.on.     un^. 
un.     Renown,    to  make  famous  ;  fame  ;  celebrity. 

Renown-ed-edly-edness.     unj&d. 
un.     Request,    to  petition  ;  an  expression  of  desire 

Request-ed-ing.     W7?^ed.      Quaero,  to  ask. 
un.     Supplant,   to  undermine  by  stratagem. 

Supplant-ed-er-ing-ation.     nn^ed. 
in.      Tranquil,    calm  ;  peaceful  ;  not  agitated. 

Tranquil-ize-izing-ness-lity.     in  ^lity. 

//^tranquillity,  want  of  rest ;  inquietude. 


E  N  G  L  I  S  H     L  A  N  G  U  A  G  E.  87 

mis.  Avouch,   to  declare  ;  to  witness  to. 

Avouch-ed-er-ing.     mis^. 
un.     Bewitch,    to  fascinate  ;  to  charm. 

Bewitch  ed-er-ing-ment.     unjdA. 
dis.    Entomb,    to  deposit  in  a  tomb. 

Entomb-ed-ing.     ww^ed.     dis^. 
im.     Ferment,   to  heat,  or  work  ;  to  set  in  motion. 

Ferment-ed-ation-able.     i/n^ed.  * 

pre.    Omen,    a  sign,  or  indication  of. 

Omin-ous-ously-ness-ate.     /jrf^ate. 
un.     Relent,    to  soften  in  temper  ;  to  feel  compassion. 

Relent-ed-ing-less-lessly.     wnjng-ingly. 
un.     Refract,   to  break  the  course  in  rays  of  light. 

Refract-ed-ion-ive-ory.     w/j^ed.     Fractus,  broken 
un.     Resent,   to  take  ill ;  to  be  offended. 

Resent-ed-ing-ment-ful-fully.     unjing. 
un.     Reveal,    to  disclose,  or  make  known. 

Reveal-ed-ing-able.     Revelation. 
un.     Sustain,    to  b'ear  ;  to  uphold,  or  support. 

Sustain-ed-er-ing-able.     wn^ed-able. 
un.     Sophist,    a  false  reasoner.      Sophia,  wisdom. 

Sophisticate,    to  use  sophistry. 

Sophist-ical-icate-ication      wnjcal-icated. 
e.       Special,   particular.     Especial,  very  particular. 

Special -ly.     e^.-ly.      Specio,  to  see. 
un.     System,   an  assemblage  6f  principles,  or  things. 

Systemize,  or  Systematize,  to  reduce  to  system. 

System-atic-atical-ize-ized.     wn^atic-ized. 
m.      Timid,    fearful,     //jtimidate,  to  make  afraid. 

Timid-ly-ity-ness.     2n^ate-ated-ation. 
all.     Trmmph,    to  obtain  a  victory  ;  to  rejoice  for  victory. 

Tnumph-ed-er-mg-al-ant-antly.     a//^ing. 


88  ANALYSISOFTHE 

un.     Answpr,   to  speak  in  return  ;  to  reply. 

Answer-ecl-ing-able.     w??^ed-able-ably. 
super.  Angel,    a  spirit ;  a  celestial  being. 

Angel-ic-ical-ically.     super  jc. 
in.      Differ,    to  disagree  ;  to  be  unlike. 

Differ-ent-ently-ence.     i/i^ent-ently. 
en.     Danger,    peril ;  risk  ;  exposure  to  injury. 

J^?/danger,    to  expose  to  injury. 

Danger-ous-ously-ousness.     en^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Drama,    a  composition  representing  a  picture  of  human 
life.     See  Appendix,  No.  1,  Rule  8th. 

Drama-tic-tical-tically-tist.     wn^tic-tical-tically. 
un.     Emblem,    representation  by  similar  qualities. 

Emblem-atic-atical-atically.     wn^atic. 
un.     Harass,   to  tease  ;  to  perplex  ;  to  molest ;  to  weary. 

Harass-ed-er-ing.     U7ifid. 
dis.    Honor,    to  revere  ;  esteem  due  to  worth  ;  dignity. 

Honor-ed-ing-able-ably.     t/z-s-^.-able-ably. 
im.     Moral,    relating  to  virtuous  conduct. 

Moralize,   to  make  moral.     Mos,  a  custom. 

Moral-ize-ized-ization-ity.     i;n^.-ity. 
un.     Profit,    gain,  or  advantage  ;  to  improve. 

Profit-less-able-ably-ableness.     ww^able-ably. 
CO.     Partner,    one  who  shares  with  another. 

Partner-ship,     co^.-ship. 
im.     Peril,    danger;  risk;  hazard;  jeopardy. 

Peril-ous-ously-ousness.     zw^.-ed. 
un.     Question,   to  interrogate  ;  the  subject  of  dispute. 

Question-ed-er-ing-able .     ww^ed-able-ably. 
un.     Symbol,   a  sign  of  any  moral  thing  by  images. 

Symbolize,    to  represent  by  symbols. 

Symboi-ic-ical-ically-ize-ized-izing. 


ENGLISH     LAXGU  AGE.  89 

post.  Nuptial,    pertaining  to  marriage. 

Postnuptial,  after  marriage.     Nabo,  to  marry. 
un.     Pardon,    to  forgive  an  offense  ;  to  remit  a  penalty. 

Pardon-ed  er-ing-able-ableness.     ww^ed-able-ably. 
im.     Pious,    godly  ;  religious  ;  respect  for  parents. 

Pious-ly.     im^Ay.     Pietas,  piety. 
im.     Proper,    fit ;  particularly  suited  to  ;  just. 

Proper-ly.     im^Ay.     Prope,  near, 
un.     Punish,    to  affect  with  pain  ;  to  chastise. 

Punish-ed-er-ing-able.     «/?^ed-ing-able. 
un.     Pension,    annual  allowance  of  money  by  government. 

Pension-er-ary,    one  who  receives  a  pension,    un^ed. 
ante.  Penult,  or  Penultimate,   the  last  syllable  of  a  word  ex- 
cept one.     Pene,  almost ;  ultimus,  the  last. 

Penult-imate.     aw^e^.-imate. 
anti.  Poison,    to  affect  with  poison  ;  a  substance  which,  if 
taken  into  the  stomach,  destroys  life  ;  infectious. 

Poison-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     anti^. 
com.  Pupil,    a  scholar;  the  apple  of  the  eye. 

Pupil-age-ary.      Cowpupil,    a  fellow-pupil, 
un.     Ransack,    to  search  thoroughly  ;  to  pillage. 

Ilansack-ed-ing.     t/n^ed. 
CO.     Regent,   one  ruling,  or  governing.     Rex,  a  king. 

Reg-Ent-ency-entship.     co^.     non^. 
un.     Regret,    to  grieve  ;  grief;  sorrow  of  mind. 

Regret-ted-ting-ful.     wn^ted.     See  Rule  6th. 
un.     Repeat,   to  do  again  ;  to  utter  again. 

Repeat-ed-ing.     t/n^ed.     Peto,  to  ask,  or  seek, 
arch.  Rebel,    to  revolt  from  government ;  one  who  revolts. 

Rebel-led-lion-lious.     arch.^.     Bellum,  war. 
un.     Righteous,  just  according  to  the  Divine  law. 

Righteous-ly-ness.     wn^.-ly-ness. 

8* 


90  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXVI.    • 

PRIMITIVP,    WORDS    OF    TWO     SYLLABLES,    E  ;DING    WITH    E. 

un.     Dilate,*    to  expand  ;  to  enlarge  ;  to  widen. 

Dilate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed. 

Dilated,    was  expanded,  or  enlarged, 

Dilatmo-,    continuing  to  expand. 

Dilation,   the  act  of  expanding. 

UndilaXed,    was  not  expanded. 
un.     Attire,    to  dress  ;  ornamental  clothes. 

Attire-ed-er-ing.     wn^ed. 
un.     Corrode,   to  rust ;  to  eat  away  by  degrees. 

Corrode-ed-ing-ible-ibility.     wn^ed. 
un.     Deserve,    to  merit;  to  be  worthy  of  good,  or  evil. 

Deserve-ed-edly-ing-ingly.     wn^ed-edly. 
un.     Defense,    any  thing  that  secures  protection. 

Defense-ive-ively-less-lessness.f     wnjve. 
un.     Desire,   to  wish  for  the  possession  of. 

Desire-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     ww^ed-able. 
in.      Docile,    teachable  ;  ready  to  learn. 

Docile-ity.     iii^Aty.     Docilis. 
un.     Expense,    cost ;  charge  ;  price. 

Expense-ful-fuUy-less-ive-ively-iveness.     ««-ive. 
un.     Endure,    to  last ;  to  undergo.     Durus,  hard. 

Endure-ed-ing-ance-able.     Mnjng-able. 
en.     Feeble,    weak ;  infirm.     £«feeble,   to  make  feeble. 

Feeble-ness.     en^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Humble,    to  abase  ;  meek ;  lowly.     Humilis. 

Humble-ed-ing-ness.     un.ed. 
eu.      Rapture,    transport  of  joy.      £^// rapture,   to  give  joy  to 

Rapturc-ous-ously.     en^.-ed-'mg. 

*  See  Rule  1st  f  See  Rule  2d. 


ENGLISH     LANGXJAOE.  91 

un.     Achieve,   to  perform  ;  to  execute  ;  to  finish,  or  gain. 

Achieve-ed-ment-ance-able.     un^ed-able. 
in.      Coerce,   to  restrain  by  force  ;  to  compel. 

Coerce-ed-ion-ible-ive.     injhle. 
un.     Confine,   to  limit,  or  bound  ;  a  border,  or  edge. 

Confine-ed-ing-ment.     «n^ed-able.     Finis,  end, 
un.     Contrite,   broken-hearted  for  sin  ;  penitent. 

Contrite-ly-ness-ion.      Tritum,  to  rub. 
pre.    Decease,   to  die  ;  departure  from  this  life. 

Decease-ed.     pre^.-ed.      Cedo,  to  yield. 
un.     Explore,   to  search  for,  or  to  view  with  care. 

Explore-ed-er-ing-ation.     un^ed-ahle. 
un.     Invite,    to  ask  ;  to  request ;  to  allure. 

Invite-ed-ing-ingly-ation.     un^ed-ing. 
un.     License,   to  grant,  or  give  permission  ;  leave. 

License-ed-ing.     ww^ed.     anti^. 
im.     Passive,    suffering  ;  not  active  ;  not  opposing. 

Passive-ly-ness-ity.     im^Ay.     Patior,  to  suff*er. 
de.     Picture,    a  painting  ;  a  likeness  drawn  in  colors. 

Depict,    to  form  a  likeness.     Z)(?pict-ed-ing. 
un.     Profane,    to  pollute  ;   irreverence  to  sacred  things. 

Profane-ed-ing-ity-ation-ly.     Fa7ium,  a  temple 
an,     Repine,    to  murmur  ;  to  feel  discontent. 

Repine-ed-er-ing-ingly.     wn^ing-ingly. 
un.     Rebuke,    to  chide  ;  to  reprove,  or  punish. 

Rebuke-ed-ing-ful-able.     un^ed-nhle . 
un.     Restore,    to  give  back,  or  replace  ;  to  heal. 

Restore-ed-ing-able-ation-ative.     t/?i^ed. 
un.     Vitiate,    to  injure  the  substance  of  any  thing  ;  to  make 

Vitiate-ed-ing.     w/i^ed-ing.  [impure, 

in.      Urbane,    civil ;  courteous  in  manners. 

Urbane-ity.     in Jity.     Urbsj  a  city. 


93  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Amuse,   to  entertain  the  mind  agreeably. 

Amuse-ed-ing-ment-ive.     w;2^ed. 
un.     Allure,    to  entice  ;  to  decoy,  or  tempt. 

Alliire-ed-er-ing-ment.     wn^ed. 
un.     Abridge,    to  make  shorter  ;  to  lessen,     Brevis,  short 

Abridge-ed-ing-ment.     ww^ed. 
un.     Appease,   to  make  quiet ;  to  calm,  or  pacify. 

Appease-ed-ing-able.     un^ed.     Pax,  peace, 
un.     Apprise,   to  give  notice  to  ;  to  inform. 

Apprise-ed-er-ing.     «w_,ed. 
un.      Censure,    to  blame  ;  the  act  of  blaming.       ^ 

Ce-nsure-ed-able-ableness.     w;z^ed-able. 
un.     Despise,    to  scorn  ;  to  have  the  lowest  opinion  of. 

Despise-ed-ing-able-ableness.     un^ed. 
un.     Divulge,    to  make  public  ;  to  disclose,  or  tell. 

Divulge-ed-ing-er.     un^od. 
un.     Deprave,    to  make  bad  ;  to  corrupt ;  to  impair. 

Deprave-ed-ing-ity-ation.     u?i^ed. 
un.     Divorce,   to  dissolve  the  marriage  covenant. 

Divorce-ed-er-ing-ment.     un^ed 
un.     Elate,    to  raise,  as  the  mind  or  spirits  ;  to  puff  up. 

Elate-ed-ingr-ion.     w;?^ed.     See  Rule  8th. 
un.     Injure,    to  hurt,  or  wound.     Injury,  damage. 

Iiijm'e-ed-er-ing-y-ious-iously.    im^ed.    See  Rule  3d 
un.     Imbibe,    to  drink  in  ;  to  absorb.     Bibo,  to  drink. 

Imbibe-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Torture,   to  inflict  pain  on  body,  or  mind. 

Torture-ed-er-ing.     im^ed. 
un.     Trouble,    to  agitate,  or  disturb  ;  affliction. 

Trouble-ed-somc-somelv-someness.     7/«.ed. 
un.     Virtue,    moral  goodness,  or  excellence. 

Yirtue-ous-ously-less-al-ally.     unjfius. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE,  93 

mis.  Behave,    to  conduct  well,  or  ill ;  to  act. 

Behavior,    manner  of  behaving 

Behave-ed-ing-ior.     mis^.-ed-ior. 
un.     Chastise,    to  punish  ;  to  correct.      Castigo,  to  beat. 

Chastise-ed-ing-able-ment.     vn^ed. 
in.      Commute,   to  exchange  one  thing  for  another. 

Commute-M-ation-ative-able-ability.         in^able-ably- 
ability.     wn^ed.     Muto,  to  change. 
un.     Comprise,    to  contain,  or  include. 

Comprise-ed-ing-al.     un^ed. 
en      Circle,    a  curve  bending  round  till  both  ends  meet. 

Encircle,    to  enclose  in  a  circle.     £/icircle-ed-ing. 
re.      Double,    to  fold  ;  twice  the  sum  ;  twice  as  much. 

Double-ed-ing-ness.     re^.-ed-ing.     Duo,  two. 
un.     Dilute,    to  make  thin,  or  weak  ;  to  render  more  liquid. 

Dilute-ed-ing-ion.     ?/n^ed.     Diluo,  to  dilute, 
dis.     Entrance,    to  put  in  a  trance  ;  to  enrapture. 

Entrance-ed-ing-ment.     dis^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Expunge,    to  blot  out,  as  with  a  pen  ;  to  erase. 

Expunge-ed-ing.     vn^ed.     Pungo,  to  prick, 
un.     Enhance,    to  increase  ;  to  raise,  or  aggravate. 

Enhance-ed-incr-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Excise,    an  inland  duty  on  goods. 

Excise-man,    an  excise  officer. 
un.     Exile,    to  banish  ;  one  sent  into  banishment. 

Exile-ed-ing-ment.     vn^ed. 
un.     Infringe,    to  break,  as  a  contract ;  to  transgress. 

Infringe-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed.     Frango,  to  break, 
self.  Indulge     to  permit  to  be  ;  to  suffer  ;  not  to  check. 

Indulge-ed-ent-ently-ence.     seJf^ence.  [nounced. 

Lecture,    to   discourse ;    a  discourse,   read,   or  pro- 

Lecture-ed-er-ing-ship.     Lego^  to  read,  or  choose. 


V 


94  ANALTSfS     OF     THE 

inter.  Meddle,   to  have  to  do  wit"h  ;  to  handle,  or  touch. 

Meddle-er-some-someness.     m^er^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Muffle,    to  cover  from  the  weather  ;  to  blindfold. 

Muffle-ed-er-ing.     un^.-ed-ing.  [remark, 

un.     Notice,    to   observe ;    observation    by    the    senses ;    a 

Notice-ed-ing-able.     un^ed.     Nosco,  to  know, 
un.     Nurture,   to  nourish  ;  to  bring  up,  or  educate. 

Nurture-ed-ing.     un^ed.     Nutrio,  to  nurse, 
un.     Pollute,    to  defile  ;  to  profane,  or  violate. 

Pollute-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     Polluo^  to  pollute, 
un.     Provoke,    to  make  angry  ;  to  oifend.      Vocu^    to  call 

Provoke-ed-ing-able.     ?/w^ed-ing. 
un.     Refute,    to  disprove  by  argument.     Refuto. 

Refute-ed-ing-ai-ation-able,     ww^ed. 
un.     Reprieve,   to  respite  after  sentence  of  death. 

Reprieve-ed-ing.     wn^ed-able. 
un.     Revile,    to  reproach  with  opprobrious  language. 

Reviie-ed-er-ing-ingly-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Rescue,   to  deliver,  or  save  from,  as  from  danger. 

Rescue-ed-er-ing-able.     unj&d. 
un.     Reserve,    to  keep  in  store  ;  to  hold  back  in  the  mind. 

Reserve-ed-edly-edness-ation.     wn^ed-cdly. 
un.     Relieve,    to  free  from,  or  remove  in  part. 

Relieve-ed-ing-able.     ww^ed-able^ 
in.      Sincere,  real;  unfeigned.  Sincere-ly-ness-ity.  m^.-ity, 
un.     Succinct,    brief;  short,  or  compressed. 

Succinct-ly-ness.      Cinctus,  a  girdle, 
over.  Sedate,    settled  ;  composed ;  calm. 

Sedate-ly-ness-ive.     over^. 
un.     Surprise,   to  come,  or  fall  upon  suddenly. 

Surprise-ed-ing-ingly-al.     un^ed. 

Tragedy,   a  dramatic  poem.     Trag-ic-cal-ically. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  95 

un.     Expose,    to  lay  open  ;  to  make  liable  ;  to  offer. 

Expose-ed-ure-ition-able.     wn^ed. 
un.     Erase,    to  rub,  or  scrape  out,  as  letters. 

Erase-ed-ure-ion-ment,     Rado,  to  scrape, 
un.     Enlarge,    to  make  greater  ;  to  extend. 

Enlarge-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Obscure,    to  darken  ;  not  intelligent. 

Obscure-ed-ity-ation.     w»^ed. 
dis.     Oblige,    to  constrain  to  do  ;  to  do  a  favor  to 

Oblige-ed-ing-ation-atory.     dis^.-ed. 
.  im.     Provide,    to  procure  beforehand  ;  to  foresee. 

Provide-ed-ent-ence.     im^enl.     iinje,d. 
un.     Prepare,    to  fit  ;  to  adapt,  or  make  ready. 

Prepare-ed-ing-ation-ative.     wn^ed-edly. 
ir.       Retrieve,   to  recover  again  ;  to  repair. 

Retrieve-ed-able.     zV^able-ably.     un^ed. 
ir.       Revere,    to  reoard  with  fear,  mingled  with  respect 

Revere-ed-ence-eiitial-ently.     ir^ent-ence. 
un.     Salute,    to  greet  with  kind  wishes  ;  to  hail. 

-  Salute-ed-mg-ation-atory.     un^ed. 
dis.         Concert,    to  contrive  together  ;  to  arrange,  or  adjust 

i)i.?concert,    to  frustrate,  or  derange. 

Concert-ed-ing.     c?/X.-ed-ing-ion. 
re.      Splendor,    great  brightness.     Splendid  ;  showy. 

iJesplendent,    very  bright ;  brilliant. 

Splend-or-id-idly.     re^ent-ently-ency. 
un.     Season,   to  give  relish  to  ;  part  of  the  year. 

Seasonable,    timely,  or  in  time. 

Season-able-ably-ableness.     «;?^able-ably. 
un      Spirit,    the  soul ;  breath  ;   air,  &;c. 

Spiritualize,    to  make,  or  become  spiritual. 

Spirit-ual-ually-uality-ualize-ualization. 


96  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXVIl. 

PRIMITIVE  WORDS    OF    TWO    SYLLABLES,  ENDING  WITH  Y. 

un.     Annoy,   to  molest ;  to  disturb,  or  incommode. 

Annoy-ed-er-ing-ance.*     un^ed. 
dis.    Array,   to  deck,  or  dress  ;  the  order  of  troops. 

Array-ed-ing.     dis^.-ed-mg.     u?i^ed. 
un.     Betray,   to  deliver  up  by  treachery  ;  to  mislead. 

Betray-ed-er-ing-al.     wn^ed. 
un.     Convey,    to  carry,  or  transport ;  to  transfer. 

ConvGy-ed-er-ing-ance-ancer-ablCi 
un.     Defray,    to  pay  expenses  ;  to  discharge. 

Defray-ed-ing-er.     un^ed. 
un.     Delay,   to  linger  ;  to  stay,  or  postpone. 

Delay-ed-ing-er.     un^ed-ing. 
un.     Essay,   to  try,  or  attempt ;  a  trial. 

Essay-ed-ing-er.     un^ed. 
mis.   Employ,   to  occupy  the  time  ;  to  keep  busy ;  to  use. 

Employ-ed-er-ing-ment.     ;72L9^.-ed;ing-ment. 
un.     Money,    coin  ;  stamped  metal,  as  silver. 

Moneyed,   rich  in  money.     Money-less,     un^ed. 
dis.    Obey,    to  comply  with  ;  to  yield  to. 

Obey-ed-er-ing-ingly.     dis^,-ed-mg.     wn^ed. 
un.     Portray,   to  paint,  or  draw  a  likeness  of. 

Portray-ed-ing-er-al.     un^ed. 
re.      Survey,   to  take  a  view  of;  to  measure. 

Survey-ed-or-ing-orship.       re^.-ed.     un^od. 
un.     Waylay,   to  watch  with  evil  intent. 

Waylay-ed-er-ing.     wn.ed. 
un.     Dismay,    to  deprive  of  firmness  of  mind. 

Dismay-ed-edness-ing-ful.     un^ed.       ■^ 
.   *  So«  Exception  2d,  under  Rule  3d. 


ENGLISH     LAXOriGE.  97 

SECTION  XXVIII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS    OF    THREE    SYLLABLES 

all.      Abandon,    to  desert ;  to  forsake  utterly. 

Abandon-ed-ing-er-ment.     allied. 
un.     Abolish,    to  make  void  ;  to  destroy  ;  to  abrogate. 

Abolish-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed.     AboIi-Tion-tionist. 
un.     Ambition,    a  desire  to  excel ;  a  desire  of  eminence 

Amb-itioiis-itiously-ness.     w/ijtious-itiously. 
un.     Benefit,   to  profit ;  an  act  of  kindness. 

Bene-Fit-fited-ficial-ficially,     w/z^fited-ficial. 
un.     Condition,    the  particular  state  of  a  thing. 

Condition-al-ally-aiity.     7/«,^al-al]y. 
un.     Demolish,    to  destroy;  to  lay  in  ruins. 

Demolish-ed-er-ing.     vn^ed. 
un.     Endeavor,    to  attempt ;  to  try  to  do. 

Endeavor-ed-ing.     wn^ed-ing. 
un.     Execute,   to  perform  ;  to  effect,  or  do  something. 

Execu-Tion-tive-tor-trix.     i//?^ed. 
ab.     Origin,   the  beginning  of  any  thing  ;  source. 

Originate,   to  bring  into  existence. 

Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ated-ation.     abjii. 
un.     Relinquish,   to  withdraw  from  ;  to  quit. 

Relinquish-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Sanction,   to  ratify  ;  to  confirm.     Sanctio. 

Sanction-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Supersede,   to  make  void  ;  to  displace. 

Supersede-ed-ure.      Sedeo,  to  sit;  super^  over, 
over.  Timorous,    fearful  of  danger  ;  timid. 

Timorous-ly-ness.     Timor,  fear. 
over.  Tedious,   tiresome  ;  fatiguing.     Tedious-ly-ness. 
mil.   Understand,   to  ccraprehend  ;  to  know. 

9 


98  ANALYSISOFTHE 

un.      Accomplish,    to  complete  ;  to  finish;  to  gaijnr. 

Accomplish-ed-ing-iiient.     ini^ed.     Plea,  to  fill. 
un.     Counterfeit,    to  forge,  or  imitate  ;  to  dissemble. 

Comiterfeit-ed-er-ing-ly.     vn^ed. 
un.     Comely,    becoming  ;  graceful ;  handsome. 

Comely-ness.     un^.-ness.     See  Rule  3d. 
un.     Decipher,    to  explain  ;  to  unravel ;  to  unfold. 

Decipher-ed-er-able.     wrz^ed-abie-ably. 
un.     Diploma,    a  writing  giving  authority,  or  honor. 

Diplomacy,    the  customs  of  embassadors. 

Diploma-cy-tic.     w«^tic.     Appendix,  No.  1,  Rule  StSi 
over.  Difficult,    hard  to  be  made,  or  done. 

Difficult-y.     over.^.     Dis,  not;  facilis,  easy, 
un.     Elicit,    to  draw  out,  or  bring  to  light ;  to  deduce. 

Elicit-ed-ing-ation,     u?i^ed. 
un.     Encounter,    to  meet  face  to  face  ;  a  fight. 

Encounter-ed-ing-er.     un^ed. 
un.     Embellish,    to  adorn  ;  to  beautify,  or  decorate, 

Embellish-ed-ing-er-ment.     un^ed. 
un.     Embroider,    to  adorn  with  needlework. 

Embroidery,    variegated  needlework. 

Embroider-ed-er-ing.     un^ed. 
un.     Entertain,    to  receive  and  treat  with  hospitality. 

Entertain-ed-ing-ment.     wn^ed. 
anti.   Fanatic,    wild  and  extravagant  in  opinions. 

Fanatic-al-ally-ism.     anh\.     Fanum,  a  temple, 
mis.    Interpret,    to  explain  words,  as  to  the  sense. 

Interpret-ed-er-ing-ation.     mis^.-ed-ing. 
un.     Interrupt,   to  hinder  by  breaking  in  upon. 

Interrupt-ed-ing-ion.     wn^ed-edly. 
un.     Intercept,    to  seize  on  by  the  way,  or  to  stop. 

Interoe"pt-©d-ing-ion.     tm^ed.     CapiOf  to  tak©* 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  99 

SECTION  XXIX: 

PRIMITIVE   ^ORDS    OF    THREE    SYLLABLES   CONTINUED. 

re.      Assemble,   to  collect  in  numbers  ;  to  congregate. 

Assemble-ed-ing-er.     re^.-ed.     urt^ed. 
dis.    Advantage,   benefit ;  promotion  of  interest. 

Advantage-oiisly.*     c/i,5-,ous-ously-ousness. 
in.      Audible,    that  may  be  heard.     Audio,  to  hear. 

Aud-ible-ibly-ience-itory.     zV?  jble-ibly. 
un.     Analyze,   to  resolve  a  body  into  its  elements. 

Analyze-ed-er-ing-ation.     tinned. 
un.     Beguile,    to  delude  ;  to  deceive  by  craft. 

Beguile-ed-er-ing-ment.     ?/;i,.-ed-ing. 
un.     Betoken,    to  show  by  signs.     Betoken-ed-ing.      un^ed. 
in.      Credulous,    apt  to  believe  without  evidence. 

Credul-ous-ously-ity.     z>2,ous-ously-ity. 
un.     Discipline,    education  ;  correction  ;  government. 

Discipline-ed-ing-ary-arian-able.     ufi^ed. 
un.     Dissemble,    to  disguise  ;  to  deceive. 

Dissemble-ed-er-ing.     vn^ed-iug. 
in.      Evident,    plain  ;  clear  ;  obvious  ;  manifest. 

Evid-Ent-ence-encing-ential-ently.     indent. 
un.     Institute,    to  appoint ;  to  establish  ;  to  enact. 

Institute-ed-ing-ion-ional-ive.     u7i^ed. 
un.     Persecute,    to  pursue  to  injure  ;  to  harass. 

Persecute-ed-or-ion.     w;i,ed.      Seqiior,  to  follow. 
im.     Placable,    that  may  be  appeased.     Placo,  to  appease. 

Plac-Able-ability.     /w^able-ability-ably. 
ir.       Resolute,    firm  ;  bold.     Resolute-ly-ion.     tr^.-Iy-ion. 
un.     Ridicule,    to  mock,  or  laugh  at  in  contempt. 

Ridicule-ed-ous-ously-ousness.     un^ed 

*  6«e  E:2;c«ption  under  Rul«  lit 


100  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un.     Analogy,    a  likeness  to,  in  some  respects. 

Anal-ogy-ogous-ogical.     w;i^ogoiis. 
un.     Distinguish,   to  discern,  or  show  a  diflergnce. 

Distinc^uish-ed-able-er.     un^nhle. 
dis.     Interest,    to  concern,  or  affect ;  advantage. 

Interest-ed-ing.     (/^.s'^ed-edly-edness-ing. 
im.     Manacle,    a  handcuff.      /wmanacle,  to    put   on  hand- 
cuffs ;  to  enslave.     Manus,  the  hand, 
un.      Patriot,    a  lover  and  defender  of  his  country. 

Patriot-ic-ism.     unjc.     Patria,  one's  country 
,un.     Petition,    to  make  a  request  to  5  to  ask  from. 

Petition-ed-er-ing.     un^ed.     Peto^  to  ask. 
im.     Penitent,    one  who  repents  of  his  sins  ;  contrite. 

Penit-Ent-ence-ency.     m,ent-ence-ency. 
un.     Popular,    pertaining  to  the  common  people  ;    beloved 
by  the  people.     Popular-ity.     Po/9u/<^5,  people. 
im.     Polity,    the  form  of  civil  government. 

Poli-Ty-cy-tic-tical.     iw^tic.     Pulis,  a  city. 
im.     Probity,    tried  virtue,  or  integrity  ;  strict  honesty. 

/wvprobity,    want  of  integrity. 
ir.       Regular,    uniformly  the  same.     Rfgo,  to  rule. 

Regular-ly-ity.     ^r^.-ly-ity. 
un.     Repugnant,    opposed  ;   contrary  to  ;  inconsistent. 

Rcpug-Nant-nantly-nance-nancy.     Pitgno,  to  fight, 
un.      Extinguish,    to  put  out ;  to  quench,  or  destroy. 

Extinguish-ed-er-ing-able.     w//^ed-able. 
un.     Important,    of  great  consequence  ;  weighty. 

Important-ly.     aJl^.     v?i^.-\y. 
Ai,      Feasible,    that  may  be  done  ;  practicable. 

Feas-ible-ibly-ibilJty-ness.     2/?^.-ibility-ness. 
un.     Solicit,    to  ask  for  ;  to  seek  by  petition. 

Solicit-ed-or-ous-ously-ude-ation.     un^ed-ous. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  101 

dis.     Continue,    to  remain  in  any  place  ;  to  extend. 

Continual  and  Continuous,  mean  c  ntinuing. 

Continue-ed-ous-ously-al-ally-ance-ation. 

Z)/\y,.-ed-incj-ance-ation-ous.      Teneo,  to  hold, 
over.  Tenacious,    adhesive  ;  holding  fast.      Teneo,  to  hold. 

Tenacious-ly-ness.     Tenacity,  adhesiveness, 
mis.   Represent,   to  show  ;  to  exhibit,  or  describe. 

Represent-ed-ing-ation-ative.     w^^^-^ed-ation. 
un.     Discomfit,    to  rout  ;  to  defeat,  or  scatter  in  flight. 

Discomfit-ed-ing-ure.     ww^ed. 
un.     Domestic,    belonging  to  the  house  ;  tame. 

Domesticate,    to  make  tame. 

Domestic-ate-ated-ation-ally.     fa?^ated. 
un.     Ornament,   to  adorn  ;  that  which  adorns. 

Ornament-ed-inff-al-allv.     wn,ed-al.      Orno,  to  adorn, 
im.     Plausible,    that  may  be  applauded  ;  apparently  right, 

Plaus-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness.     im^xhle. 
un.     Parallel,    running  in  accordance  with,  or  lying  side  by 

side,  equally  distant,  as  lines, 
anti.   Puritan,    a  dissenter  from  the  Church  of  England. 

Puritan-ic-ical-ically-ism.     anti^. 
im.     Precrnable,    that  may  be  taken  bv  force. 

/^pregnable,    that  can  not  be  taken  by  force, 
un.     Reprimand,    to  reprove  severely  ;  a  reproof. 

Reprimand-ed-ing.     unjedi. 
un      Replenish,    to  fill  ;  to  furnish  ;  to  complete. 

Replenish-ed-ing.     un^eA.     Plenus,  full. 
Irrigate,    to  water  ;  to  moisten.     Irrigate-ed-ing-ion, 
un.     Romantic,    pertaining  to  romance  ;   wild  ;  fanciful. 

Romantic-ally-ness.     un^ally. 
Sedition,    rebellion  against  law,  or  government. 

Sedit-ion-ionary-ious-iously. 

9* 


103  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

SECTION  XXX. 

Vn   MITIVE    WORDS    OF    THREE    AND    FOUR    SYLLABLES. 

un.     Affable,    ea&y  of  conversation  and  manners. 

Aff-Able-ably-ability-ableness.*     ww^able. 
m.      Congruous,    suitable  ;   consistent ;   fit. 

Congru-ous-ously-ity.     i»^ous-ity. 
non.    Contagious,    generating  contagion  ;  catching. 

Contagious-ly-ness.     7ion^.-r\ess.     un^. 
in.      Contiguous,    touching  ;  meeting  ;  joining. 

Contigu-ous-ously-ity.     -///^ous-ously. 
in.      Corrigible,    that  may  be  set  right,  or  corrected. 

Corrig-ible.     mjble-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
semi.  Deist,    one  who  denies  Revelation. 

De-ist-istic-istical-ism.     semi^\sX\c?\. 
de.     Predal,    pertaining  to  prey,  or  plunder. 

Depredate,    to  plunder,  or  rob.     Prada,  prey. 

Pred-Al-aceous-accc  usly-atory-atorily .     Je^ate-ation. 
im.     Probable,    likely  to  be  ;  that  may  be.     Probo,  to  prove. 

Prob-Able-ably-ability.     m.^able-ability. 
anti.   Paralysis,   palsy.     Paralyze,    to  afflict  with  palsy. 

Paraly-sis-tic-ze-zed.     anti^tic. 
un.     Sagacious,    acute  in  discernment ;  quick  of  thought. 

Saga-cious-ciously-ness-city.     w;/^cious. 
in.      Scrutable,    discoverable  by  inquiry,  or  examinatipn. 

Scrut-Able.     m,able-ably.      Scrutor,  to  search, 
in.      Tangible,    that  may  be  touched.      Tango,  to  touch. 

Tang-ible-ibly-ibility-ent.  zr?  jble-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
e.        Vacant,    empty  ;  void  ;  not  filled.      Vacans. 

Vacate,    to  make  empty,     ii^'vacuate,    to  leave. 

Vac-Ant-ancy-ated-ating-ation.     f  jiate-uated-uation. 

^  See  explanation,  j^age  72. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  103 

in.      Artificial,   made  by  art ;  feigned.     Facio,  to  malve. 

Artificial-ly-ity-ness,     in^Ay.     un^Ay. 
un.     Assidui3us,    diligent ;  persevering  ;  careful. 

Assidu-ous-ously-ousness-ity.     U7ifius. 
semi.  Barbarian,    a  man  in  a  savage  state  ;  uncivilized. 

Barbarous,  cruel ;  inhuman ;  savage  ;  brutal. 

Barbar-ous-ously-ity-ism-ian.     ^'e?/?2^ous-ian. 
in.      Corporeal,  or  Corporeous,   having  a  material  body. 

Corpore-Al-ous-ally.     zn^al-ally. 
mis.   Conjecture,    to  surmise,  or  guess. 

Conjecture-ed-ai,     mis^.     Jacio^  to  cast. 
in.      Discover,    to  find  out ;  to  lay  open  to  view. 

Discover-ed-ing-able.     zV/^able.     w/?^ed. 
in.      Ebriety,    drunkenness.     Ebnctas. 

//jcbriate,   to  make  drunk  ;  a  dnmkard. 
in.      Experience,    to  try  by  use  ;  a  series  of  trials. 

Experience-ed-ing.     wn^ed.     m^.-ed. 
in.    '  Felicity,    happiness,     Felix,  happy. 

Felicitate,    to  wish  joy  to  ;  to  congratulate. 

Felicit-ous-ously-ate-ation.     zw^ous-y. 
in.      Exorable,    that  may  be  moved  by  entreaty. 

Exora-Ble-bly.     m^ble-biy.      Oro,  to  entreat. 
la.      Evitable,    that  may  be  shunned.      Vito,  to  shun 

Evita-Ble.     zn,ble-blv-bleness. 
!n.     Invidious,    envious  ;  likely  to  incur  ill-will. 

Invidious-ly-ness.     un^. 
»/n.     Manufacture,   to  make  by  hand,  or  art. 

Manufacture-ed-inCT-or.     t/n,ed. 
non.  Resemble,   to  bear  the  likeness,  or  similitude  of. 

Resemble-ed-ing-ance      non  jince. 
in        Susceptible,    capable  of  something  more. 

Suscept-ible-ibly-ibility-ness.     «>j^.-ibility. 


104  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in.      Clement,   mild  in  disposition  ;  gentle  ;  kind. 

Clem-Ent-ently-ency.     ^Xent-ently-ency. 
im.     Patient,    enduring  evils  without  murmuring. 

Pati-Ent-ently-ence.     zw/^ent-ently-ence. 
im      Prudent,    careful  of  consequences  ;  cautious, 

Prud-Ent-ently-ence-ential-entially. 

/w^ent-ently-ence.     Prude?is,  foreseeing. 
un.     Pliant,   that  may  be  easily  bent ;  flexible. 

Pli-Ant-able-ability-ableness.     «w^ant-able, 
in.      Competent,    sufHcient  foj  ;  adequate. 

Compet-Ent-ence-ency.     /w^ent-ence-ency 
im      Pertinent,   relating  to  the  matter  in  hand. 

Pertin-Ent-ence-ency.     mj^ent-ence-ency. 
im      Permanent,    remaining  unchanged. 

Perman-Ent-ently-ence.     m^ent-ence. 
un      Prominent,    standing  out ;  jutting. 

Promin-Eut-ently-ence-ency.     wn^ent. 
in.      Nutriment,    that  which  nourishes  ;  food. 

Nutri-Ment-mental-tion-tious-tiously-tive. 

/^/^tious-tive-tion.     Nutrin,  to  nourish. 
in.      Expedient,    suitable  for  the  purpose  ;  useful. 

Expedi-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     zXent-ence-ency. 
Expedite,    to  hasten  ;  to  quicken  ;  to  dispatch. 

Expedite-ed-ing-ion-ious-iously. 
in.      Experiment,    a  trial ;  to  make  trial. 

Experi-Ment-mental-mentally-ence.     tw^ence. 
in.      Deficient,    wanting  in  something  ;  not  sufTicient. 

Defici-Ent-ently-ence-ency.     2;/  ,ent-ency . 
Incipiert     beginning ;    commencing. 

Incipi-Ent-ently-ency."> 
semi,  "transparent,    admitting  a  passage  for  light. 

Transpar-Eut-ency.     semi  jdXi\-ei\cy. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  1 05 

SECTION  XXXT. 

PRIMITIVES   OF   THREE  AND  FOUR  SVLLABLES,  ENDIXG  WITH  E 

un.     Actuate,    to  incite,  or  move  ;  to  put  in  action. 

•  Actuate-ed-ing.*     nn^ed.      AcUi?n,  done. 
in.      Accurate,    in  exact  conformity  to  truth. 

Accurate-ly-ness-cy.     in^.-cy.     See  Rule  9th. 
un.     Conjugate,    to  give  the  inflections  of  a  verb. 

Conjugate-ed-ing-ion.     Jungo,  to  join  ;  con,  with. 
un.     Consummate,    to  end  ;  to  finish,  or  complete. 

Consummate-ed-ing-ion.     ?///,ed.  [treasury, 

un.      Confiscate,    to   adjudge    to    be    forfeited   to    the   state 

Confiscate-ed-ation.      Fiscus,  a  money-bag. 
un.      Dedicate,    to  set  apart  to  a  sacred  use. 

Dedicate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     7///^ed. 
un.     Emulate,    to  strive  to  equal,  or  excel. 

Emulate-ed-ing-ion.     ■inij.ug. 
Emanate,    to  issue  from  ;  to  flow  from. 

Emanate-ed-ing-ion.     Mano,  to  flow. 
re.      Iterate,    to  repeat,  or  do  a  second  time. 

Iterate-ed-ion.     un^ed.     Iterum,  again. 
un.     Illustrate,    to  make  clear  ;   to  explain. 

Illustrate-ed-iiig-ion-ive.     nn^ed. 
re.      Ingratiate,    to  comm-end   one's   self  to   another's  good 

Avill,  or  kindness.     Ingratiate-ed.     re^.-ed. 
pre.     Intimate,    to  hint  at ;  familiar. 

Intimate-ed-ion-ly-cy.     ;)7«"^ion. 
ex.     Legislate,    to  enact  laws.     Lrx.  a  law. 

Legislate-ed-iou-or-ure-ive.     t-a^^or. 
re.      Masticate,    to  chew,  or  grind  with  the  teeth. 

Maslicate-ed-ing-ion.     rc^.-\\\g.     Masdco,  to  chew. 

♦  Observe  Rule  lst»  also  tli^j  Sth  and  9th,  throughout  this  wetinOi 


106  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in.      Adequate,    equal  to  ;  fully  sufficient.     Aequus. 

Adequate-ly-ness-cy.     in^.-cy. 
in.      Delicate,    nice  ;  feeble  ;  of  a  fine  texture. 

Delicate-iy-ness-cy.     7//^.-ly-cy. 
un.     Dissipate,    to  scatter  ;  to  drive  asunder. 

Dissipate-ed-ing-ion.     ?/n,ed. 
pre.    Dominate,    to  rule.     Predominate,  to  rule  over. 

Dominate -ed-ion.     y^r^^.-ed-ing-ion. 
un.     Estimate,  to  value  ;  to  set  a  value  on. 

Dstimate-ed-ing-ion.     wz/^ed.     z//^ble-bly. 
un.     Extirpate,    to  pluck  up  by  the  roots. 

Extirpate-ed-ing-ion.     ww^ed. 
un.     Fabricate,    to  construct ;  to  manufacture. 

Fabricate-ed-ing-or-ion.     ?/«,ed. 
un.     Congratulate,    to  wish  joy  to  another. 

Conffratulate-ed-incr-ion-orv.     ?///,ed. 
un.     Insulate,    to  place  in  a  detached  situation. 

Insulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     •ja/^ed.     Insula,  an  island 
un.     Initiate,    to  introduce  ;  to  instruct  in  first  principles 

Initiate-ed-ion-ory.     ?/w^ed.'    Eo,  to  go  ;  en,  in. 
im.     Maculate,    to  spot,  or  to  stain.     Macula,  a  stain. 

Maculate-ion.     iw^.-ion-ly-ness. 
un.     Mutilate,    to  cut,  or  break  ofT;  to  mar. 

Mutilate-ed-ing-ion.     unjiA.     Idulilo,  to  lop  off. 
in.      Numerate,    to  number.     Numero,  to  number. 

Numer-Ate-ated-ation-able-ator.     «?<^able-ably. 
ap.     Proximate,    nearest.     j4/:»proximate,  to  come  near. 

Proximate-ly.      <7y0^.-ed-ing  ion. 
un.      Stipulate,    to  bargain  ;  to  contract,  or  settle.    ^ 

Stipulate-ed-ing-ion-or.     ?/>/,ed. 
un.      Salivate,    to  produce  an  unusual  discharge  of  saliva. 

Salivate-ed-ing-ion.     w/z^ed. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  l07 

an.     AlDbreviate,   to  sliorten.     Brevis,  short. 

Abbreviate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     un^ed. 
un.     Affiliate,   to  adopt  as  a  son.     Filius,  a  son. 

Aililiate-ed-iRg-ion.     un^ed. 
un.     AmeliorsLte,   to  make  better.     Melior,  better. 

Ameliofate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.  [peat, 

re.      Capitulate,   to  surrender  by  treaty,  as  an  army  ;  to  re- 

Capitulate-ed-ion-or.     re^.-ed-ion.      Caput^  the  head, 
un.     Expatriate,   to  banish  ;  to  quit  one's  country. 

Expatriate-ed-ing-ion.     Patria,  a  country. 
Expostulate,   to  reason  earnestly. 

Expostulate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     Postulo,  to  ask 
un.     Emancipate,  to  free  from  servitude. 

Emancipate-ed-or-ion.     vn^ed. 
un.     Exaggerate,   to  enlarge  on  beyond  truth. 

Exaggerate-ed-ing-ion.     tinned. 
dis.    Incarcerate,   to  put  in  prison.     Career,  a  prison 

Incarcerate-ed-ion.     dis\.-ed. 
un.     Incorporate,"  to  form  into  a  legal  body  ;  to  mix. 

Incorporate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.      Curpfis,  a  body. 
un.     Incarnate,   to  be  embodied  in  flesh. 

Incarnate-ed-ion.      Carfiis,  flesh. 
il.       Legitinaate,   lawful ;  to  make  lawful. 

Legitimate-ly-cy-ness.     ih.-cy. 
com.  Peregrinate,   to  travel  from  place  to  place 

Peregrinate-ed-ing-ion.     romjon. 
un.     Remunerate,    to  recompense,  or  repav. 

Remunerate-ed-ion.      //.'i,ed.      Munu.s\  a  gilt. 
un.     Retaliate,    to  return  like  for  like. 

Retaliate-ed-ion-ive-ory.      Tali\,  such  like, 
in.      Subordinate,  to  place  in  rank  below  ;  to  make  subject 

Subordinate-ly-ion.     m^.-ion. 


1 08  A  N'  A  L  Y  S  r  S     {)  K      T  H  K 

un.     Adulterate,    to  pollute  ;  to  debase  by  mixtufe 

Advilterate-ed-ing  ion.     vn^ed.     Adulter o. 
un.     Alleviate,    to  make  light ;  to  remove  in  part. 

Alleviate-ed-ing-ion.    -?^«^ed.     Levis,  Wgtii. 
un      Ambiguous,    doubtful ;  having  two  or  more  meanmgs 

Ambig-uous-uously-uity.     un^wous.    Am,  round  ;  ago, 
CO.     Belligerent,    waging  war.    Gerr.ns  Bclhim.  [to  go. 

in.      Commensurate,    reducible  to  the  same  measure. 

Commensurate-ion-bility-bleness.     z^.-ble . 
un       Commiserate,    to  pity,  or  feel  sorrow  for. 

Commiserate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.~  Miscereor,  to  pitj, 
m       Combustion,    a  burning  ;  a  tumult,  or  uproar. 

Combust-ion-ible-ibleness.     «>?  jble-ibilitv. 
m.      Compatible,    consistent  ;  suitable  ;  agreeable. 

Compat-ible-ibility.     z??.^ibie-ibly-ibility. 
Contumacious,    stubbornness  ;  obstinacy. 

Contuma-cious-ciously-ciousness-cy. 
un.     Coagulate,    to  curdle  ;  to  congeal.      Coagulo. 

Coagulatc-ed-ion-ble-bility.     im^ed. 
in.      Discriminate,    to  distinguish  the  diirerence. 

Disgriminate-ed-ly-ion.     m.^-y'^^^- 
Ejaculate,    to  throw  out.     Ejaculate-ed-ing-ion-ory, 
un      Equivocate,    to  use  words  of  a  doubtful  meaning. 

Equivo-cate-cation-cal-cally.     i/w^cal-^ally. 
un.     Exhilarate,    to  make  merry^;  to  enliven  ;  to  cheer. 

Exhilarate-ed-ing-ion.     tinned.     Hilaris,  merry, 
un.     Perforate,    to  bore,  or  make  holes  through. 

Perforate-ed-ing-ion.     nn^Qd. 
un.     Palliate,   to  cover  with  excuse  ;  to  lessen. 

Palliate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     Pal'um,  a  cloak, 
un.     Ruminate,    to  muse  ;  to  meditate  ;  to  ponder. 

Ruminate-ed-ing-ion-or.      un^ed. 


ENOl.  !SH     LANGUAGE.  109 

SECTION  XXXII. 

PRIMITIVES   OF   TWO   AND   THREE   SYLLABLES,  ENDING  WITH  Y. 

un.     Deny,    to  contradict ;  to  refuse,  or  disown. 

Deny-ed-ing-al-able.*     «/?^ed-able-abiy. 
un.     Envy,    to  repine  at  another's  prosperity  ;  to  grudge 

Envy-ed-ing-ous-ously-able.     t/;?,ed-ous-abIe. 
un.     Equity,    strict  justice  ;  right ;  impartiality. 

Equitable,    according  to  equal  rights 

Equit-Able-ably-ableness.     «w_,able 
in.      Efficacy,   power  to  produce  effects. 

Effica-cy-cious-ciously.     n?,^cious-ciously. 
Gratuity,    a  free  gift.      Gratuit-ous-ously. 
over.  Industry,    habitual  diligence  ;  assiduity. 

Industry-al-ous-ously.     ^lyt^ous. 
un.     Luxury,    undue  indulgence  of  the  appetite  ;  a  dainty. 

Luxury-ous-ously-ousness.     itn^o\^s. 
un.     Mercy,    favor;  kindness;  mildness. 

Mercy-ful-fully-fulness-less.     ^/rt/ul-fully. 
im.     Melody,    agreeable  succession  of  sounds. 

MeJody-ous-ously.     /w,^ous.     j/n^ous-ously. 
un.     Pity,    sympathetic  feelings  ;  tender  feelings. 

Pity-ful-fully-less-abie-ably-ableness.     un  ^ed-h\l. 

Pite^us-ously.     See  exception  first,  under  Rule  3d. 
un.     Perfidy,    treachery;   a  violation  of  faith,  or  trust. 

Perfidy-ous-ously-ousi-iess.     ?//?,ous.  [evil, 

ir.      Remedy,  that  which  cures  a  disease,  or  counteracts  an 

Remedy-able-less-ing.     /r^able-ably. 
un.     Symmetry,    a  due  proportion  of  parts. 

Symmetry-cal-cally.     ?/>/^cal-caIly. 

*  Observe  Rule  3J  and  its  exceptions,  throughout  this  section  ;  and 
also  Rules  4th,  10th,  and  11th,  and  the  exception  under  Rule  11th. 

10 


110  ANALYSISOFTHE 

un      Beautify,    to  make  beautiful ;  to  decorate. 

Beauti-Fy-fied-ful-less-ous-ously-ousness.    w;?.^fied-ful. 
un.     Clarify,    to  make  clear.      Clari/s,  clear. 

Clarify-ed-er-ing-cation.     v?i^ed. 
un.     Defy,    to  dare  to  combat ;  to  challenge. 

Defy-ed-ing-er-ance.     ww,ed-ing 
un.      Espy,    to  discover  ;  to  see  at  a  distance. 

Espy-ed-ing.      zni^eA. 
un.      Edify,    to  miprove  the  mind  in  knowledge. 

Edify-ed-ing-ingly-cation.     vn^ed-mg. 
un.     Fortify,    to  strengthen,  as  by  forts,  or  otherwise. 

Fortify-ed-ing-er-cation.     ?/7z^ed. 
un.     Mortify,    to  destroy  vital  functions  ;  to  humble. 

Mortify-ed-ing-cation.     vn^ed.     Mors,  death, 
un.     Notify,    to  publish  ;  to  make  known. 

Notify-ed-er-ing-cation.     tailed. 
un.     Ossify,    to  become  bone  ;  to  form  bone 

Ossify-ed-ing-cation.     un^ed. 
semi.  Petrify,    to  convert  to  stone  ;  to  make  callous. 

Petri-Fy-fied-fying-faction.  semi^fied.    See  Exception 
un.     Rectify,    to  make  right;  to  correct.  [to  Rule  11th. 

Rectify-ed-er-ing-cation.     un^ed. 
un.     Rarefy,    to  make  thin,  or  less  dense.     Rarus,  thin. 

Rare-Fy-fied-fying-faction-fiable.     nn^fied. 
un.     Ramify,    to  divide  into  branches.     Ramus,  a  branch. 

Ramify-ed-ing-cation.     vn^ed 
dis.      Satisfy,    to  gratify  the  wants,  or  desires. 

Satis-Fy-fied-fying-faction.     t/7?^fied-fying. 
oh.     Stupefy,    to  make  stupid  ;  to  blunt. 

Stupe-Fy-fied -faction.     aZ* /action, 
un      Vitrify,    to  become,  or  form  glass. 

Yitri-Fy-iied-faction-fiable.     unjied. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE  111 

SECTION  XXXIII. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    TWO    PREFIXES. 

vinin  in.     Debt,    Avhat  is  due  from  one  person  to  another. 

Debt-or.     m^ed-edness.     imin^ed. 

Debtor,   the  person  who  owes  another. 

Indehted,    being  in  debt,  or  was  in  debt. 

Indebtedness,    the  state  of  being  in  debt. 

Unindebted,    was  not  indebted,  or  in  debt, 
un  in.      Apt,    fit ;  suitable.     Aptitude,  fitness. 

Apt-ly-ness-itude.     mjtude.     unjy. 
un  mis.     Aim,    to  point  at ;   to  try  to  accomplish. 

Aim-ed-er-ing-less-lessly.     misled,     un^ed. 
super  un.     Add,   to  put  together  ;  to  unite. 

Add-ed-ition-itional-itionally.     w//^ed.     super^.-ed. 
un  in.     Art,    skill ;  cunning.     Artificial,    made  by  art. 

Art-ful-fully-fuiness-less-lessness-ificial-isan-ist.  m_,ificial 
out  un.     Boast,    to  brag  in  speech  ;  to  exalt  one's  self. 

Boast-ed-er-ing-ful-fuliy.     nnjng.     out^.-ed. 
all  un.     Dread,    great  fear  ;  apprehension  of  evil. 

Dread-ful-fully-fulness-less.     mi^ed.     allied. 
be  un.     Deck,  or  i?edeck,    to  adorn  ;  to  embellish,  or  clothe. 

Deck-ed-er-ing.     un^ed.     be^.-ed-ing. 
un  re.     Draff,    to  delineate  ;  to  draw  the  outline. 

Draft-ed-ing.     re^.-ed-mg.     un^ed. 
un  re.     Gain,    to  obtain  ;  to  win  ;  to  acquire. 

Gain-ed-er-ing.     re^.-ed-ing.     un^ed. 
ap  ii      Laud,    to  praise  in  words.     Laus,  praise. 

^/>plausr     praise  given  to  ;  a  shout  of  approbation. 

Laud-able-ableness-atory.     ?7,able-ably.     cr^^.-ed. 
re  un.     Mind,    to  obey  ;  to  fix  the  thoughts  ;  the  intellect. 

Mind-ful-fully-less.     unjul-fully.     re^.-ed. 


112  ANALYSISOFTHB 

un  re.     Adjrn,    to  deck,  or  ornament.      Orwo,  to  deck. 

Ad])rn-ed-ing-ment.     re^.-ed.     un^cd. 
mis  un.     Accept,   to  receive  what  is  offered  ;  to  agree. 

Accept-ed-ing-ance-ation-able-ably-ability.     ttn^ahle. 
un  re.     Adjust,    to  put  in  order  ;  to  settle.     Jus,  right.       ^ 

Adjust-ed-ing-ment.     re^.-ed.     ringed. 
dis  un.      Allow,    to  grant ;  to  admit ;  to  afford. 

Allow-ed-ance-able.     un^ed.     f//.9^ed-able. 
pre  un.     Acquaint,   to  make  fully  known  ;  to  inform. 

Acquaint-ed-ing-ance.     wn^ed.     prejince. 
self  un.      Deceit,    fallacy  ;  fraud  ;  cheat ;  double  dealing. 

Deceit-ful-fully-fulness-less.     U7iju[.     self^. 
all  un.     Devour,    to  eat  with  greediness  ;  to  destroy. 

Devour-ed-ing.     wn^ed.     «//jng.      Voro,  to  devour, 
in  un.     Discern,    to  distinguish  by  the  eye,  or  senses. 

Discern-ed-ible.     unjdd.     e'^jble.      Cerno,    to  see. 
re  un.     Discuss,    to  debate.      Quatio,  to  shake  ;  dis,  apart. 

Discuss-ed-ing-ion.     vn^^ed.     re^.-vA. 
super  self.     Exalt,    to  raise  high  ;  to  elevate.      Alius,  high. 

Exalt-ed-ing-ation.     ^eZ/'^ing-ation.     si/per^ation. 
un  in.      Exhaust,    to  draw  out ;  to  drain, 

Exhaust-ed-ion.     injhle.     Haurio,  to  draw  ;  ex,  out. 
in  un.     Explain,    to  make  plain  ;  to  expound. 

Explain-ed-able.     Explan-Ation-atory.     wn^ed. 
over  re.     Flourish,    to  grow  luxuriantly  ;  to  thrive. 

Flourish-ed-ing.     re^.-ing.     over^.     Flos,  a  flower, 
in  un.     Fracture,  or  /;ifraction,    a  breach;  a  rupture. 

Fract-ure-ion-ional,     ynjired.     Frangn,  to  break, 
re  un.     Install,    to  induct,  or  place  in  office. 

Install-ed-ation-ment.     7/7?^ed.     ^c^.-ed-ing-ment. 
il  un.     Limit,    to  bound,  or  set  bounds  to. 

Limit-&'i-able-atiou-less.     w/i.ed.     j7.abla 


ENGLISH      LANCUAOE.  113 

re  un.     Adjoiirn,    to  defer  till  another  time. 

Adjoiirn-ed-ment.     V7i,ed.     re^.-ed.  [own, 

re  un.     Adopt,    to  take  a  child  as  an  heir;  to  take  as  one's 

Adopt-ed-ion.     t///,ed     re,.      Opo,  to  choose,  [oil. 

dis  un.     Anoint,    to  ponr  oil  on  ;  to  consecrate  by  the  use  of 

Anoint-ed-er-ing-ment.     un^ed.     <m\.  [tions 

re  un.     Assault,   to  attack  with  violence,  or  hostile  inten 

Assault-ed-er-ing.     7///^ed.     re^.-ed. 
self  un.     Banish,    to  condemn  to  exile  ;  to  drive  away. 

Banish-ed-ment.     un^ed.     seJfjnent. 
mis  un.     Bestow,   to  give  ;  to  impart  to,  or  confer. 

Bestow-ed-ing-al-mxnt.     vn^ed.     wished. 
de  inter.     Nation,    a  body  of  people  under  one  government. 

Nation-al-ally-ality-alize.  hiterjil.  c?e^alize.   Natus, horn. 
im  un.     Perish,    to  die  ;  in  a  state  of  decay. 

Perish-ed-ing-able.     t/;?,ing.     m^able-ableness. 
im  un.     Prosper,    to  render  successful ;  to  thrive. 

Prosper-ed-ous-ously-ity.     ww^ous-ously.     ijnjiy. 
re-un.     Publish,   to  make  public  ;  to  utter,  or  print. 

Publish-ed-ing-ment.     zai^ed.     re^.-ed-ing. 
ir  un.     Redeem,    to  ransom,  or  purchase  back. 

Redeem-ed-er-ing-abie.     v?i^ed-3h\e.     ir^ahle. 
dis  un.     Regard,    to  look  toward  ;  to  notice  with  respect. 

Regard-ed-ful-fully-less.     i/n^ed.     (7/X,.-ed-ing-ful. 
ir  un.     Reproach,    to  censure  ;  to  treat  with  scorn. 

Reproach-ed-ful-fully-able.     un^ed.     zV^able-ably. 
out  un.     Rival,    to  strive  for  the  same  thing;  a  competitor. 

Rival-ed-ry-ship.     un^ed.     out,.-ed-'mg. 
in  mi.     Support,    to  bear  up  ;  to  uphold  ;  to  maintain. 

Support-ed-er-able.     un^ed.     z;?,able-ably.    [some  place. 
re  un.      Summon,    to  call,  or  notify  by  authority  to  appear  at 

Summon-ed-er-ing.     vjt^ed.     re^.-ed-iag. 

10* 


114  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

in  un.     Alter,   to  make  some  change  in.     Alter,  another. 

Aiter-ed-ing-ation-able-abJlity.     iw^ed.     m.able-ably.     - 
•in  im.     Coiitest,    to  dispute,  or  to  strive  ;  a  strife. 

Contest-ed-ing-able,     wn^ed-able.     zV/^able-ably. 
S€lf  un.     Convict,  to  prove  guilty.      Vinco,  to  conquer. 

Convict-ed-ing-ion.     vn^d.     self^ed-ion. 
unac  ac.     Custom,    frequent,  or  com.mon  use. 

Accustom,    to  make  familiar  by  use. 

Custom-ary-arily.     «c^.-ed-ing.     unacted. 
dis  un.     Enchant,    to  practice  sorcery  ;  to  delight. 

Enchant-ed-er-ing-ment.     ?/7?,ed.     disced. 
un  in.     Expert,    skillful ;  experienced  ;  prompt. 

Expert-ly-ness.     in^.-ness.     unjy.     Perior,  to  try. 
Siper  un.     Intend,    to  mean,  or  design.      Tendo,  to  stretch. 

Superintend,    to  have  the  charge  of;  to  oversee.        » 

Intend-ed-ing.     6?iy;er,.-ed-ent-ence-ency.     ww^ed. 
re  un       [nvert,  to  turn  upside  down.      Verto,  to  turn. 

Invert-ed-edly-ing.     un^ed.     re^ed.  * 

un  re.     Polish,    to  make  smooth  ;  refinement. 

Polish-ed-ing-er-able.    r«?^.-ed.    un^ed.    Polio,  to  smooth, 
dis  un.     iSever,  or  Dissever,   to  separate  I'ty  violence. 

Sevt.r-ed-ing-ance.     iin^ad.     Jz^.-ed-ing-ance? 
un  in.     Suffer,  to  endure  what  is  painful ;  to  allow. 

Suffer-ed-ing-er-ance-able.     zw^able-ably.     ufij.ng. 
un  in.     Temper,    disposition  ;  mood  ;  humor. 

Temperate,    moderate  ;  abstemious. 

Temper-ate-ately-ance.     z/i^ate-ately-an'ie. 
rein  in.      Vigor,    energy  ;  active  strength. 

/?/vigorate,    to  make  vigorous.      Vigor,  strength. 

Vigor-ous-ously.     m^a^e-ated-ating.     ri?«/i^ate-ated. 
all  un.      Worship,    to  perform  religious  service  ;  to  respect 

Worship-ed-er-ing-ful.     wn^ed-ing.      aUj.ng. 


ENGLISH   Language.  115 

re  un.     Assert,   to  affirm,  or  aver  ;  to  declare. 

Assert-ed-ing-ion-or.     wn.ed.     r<?^.-ed-ion. 
re  un.     Attack,    to  assail  by  force,  or  words 

Attack-ed-ing-able.     w/?^ed-able.     re^.-od. 
dis  un.     Avow,    to  declare  openly.      Voveo,  to  vow. 

Avow-ed-edly-al.     ww^ed.     dU^.-ed-ing-al. 
in  un.     Civil,    relating  to  policy  ;  sober  ;  well-bred. 

Civilize,    to  reclaim  from  a  savage  state. 

Civil-ly-ity-ize-ized'ization.     ww,.-ized.     in^ity. 
in  un.     (/ongeal,    to  become  thick,  or  stiff.      Ge/u,  frost. 

Congeal-ed-ing-able-ation.     un^ed.     ?n,able. 
in  un.     Control,    to  govern  ;  to  keep  under  check. 

Control-led-ler-lable.     wn^ed.     mjable.     See  Rule  6th. 
in  un.     Corrupt,    to  vitiate,  or  make  worse. 

Corrupt-ed-ing-er-ion-ible.     un^ed.     iwjble-ibly-ion. 
un  dis.     Inthrall,  or  Enthrall,    to  enslave. 

Inthrall-ed-ing-ment.     (lis,^.-ed-mg-meni.     vn^ed. 
un  re.     Foment,    to  bathe  with  warm  liquors  ;  to  excite. 

Foment-ed-er-ing-ation.     r^^.-ed.     un^ed. 
dis  un.     Favor,    to  befriend  ;  kind  regard  ;  resemblance.. 

Favor-ed-able-ably-ableness.     ^/.9^.-ed.     wn^able-ably. 
un  in.     Frugal,    sparing  ;  a  prudent  use  of. 

Frugal-l3'-ity.     i7?,.-ity.     un^Ay. 
in  un.     Grateful,    thankful  ;  having  a  sense  of  benefits. 

Grateful-ly-ness.     j/zz^.-ly-ness.     u?,.-ly-ness. 
mis  un.     Record,   to  register  ;  to  write  in  ;  a  register  of  facts. 

Record- ed-er-ing-ership.     ww^ed.     7nh\ed. 
dis  un.     Relish,    to  please  the  taste  ;  a  pleasmg  taste. 

Relish-ed-inor-able.     vn.ed.     dis, .-ins. 
in  un.      Utter,    to  speak,  or  pronounce  words. 

Utter-ed-ing-able-ance.     ?/7?,ed-able.     z//^able 

Vanish,   to  disappear.     Vanish-ed-ing. 


116  ANALYSiSOFTHE 

m  un.     Active,   having  the  power  of  quick  motion  ;  busy 

Aclive-ly-ness-ity.     un^.     zV/^.-ly-ity. 
in  un.      Diminish     to  lessen  ;  to  impair.     Minus,  less. 

Diminish-ed-ing-able.     un^ed.     ?'?i^able. 
re  un.     Deliver,    to  free  ;  to  surrender  ;  to  utter  a  speech. 

Deliver-ed-er-ing-ance-able-y.     un^ed.     re^.-ed-ance-y. 
dis  un.     Embarrass,    to  perplex  ;  to  render  intricate. 

Embarrass-ed-ing-ment.     wn^ed-ing.     dis^.-meni. 
in  non.     Elastic,    springing  back  ;  rebounding. 

Elastic-al-ally-ity.     7)on^.     ^7^^.-ity. 
.  super  un.     Excel,    to  go  beyond  ;  to  surpass.    Celsus,  lofty. 

Excellent,    better  than  common  ;  of  great  worth. 

Excel-lent-lence-lency.     svperjeul-lence. 
reen  en.     Joy,    gladness  ;  mirth  ;  hilarity. 

Joy-ful-fully-less-ous.     See  Exception  2d,  under  Rule  3d. 

Enjoy,    to  take  pleasure  in.     reen.^.-ed-mg-ment. 
un  dis.     Order,    to  direct ;  regular  arrangement. 

Disorder,    to  put  out  of  order.    Order-ed-ing-ly.   diSj^.-ly. 
unem  em.      Power,    force  ;  ability  to  do,  or  cause. 

.Power-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness. 

EiJipower,    to  give  power  to.     U7iem^ed. 
over  ap.     Prize,  or  Apprize,    to  set  value  on;  to  value. 

Prize-ed-er.     <:/p,.-ed-al-ment.     overbed. 
dis  un.      Serve,    to  work  for  ;  to  wait  on.     Service,  labor. 

Serviceable,    that  does  service.     Servile,  slavish. 

Serve-ice-iceable-iceably-iceableness-ant-ile-ility- 
ileness-itude.     vnjicenhle.     r/?'.y^.-iceableness. 
dis  mis.     Trust,   to  confide  in  ;  confidence. 

Trust-ed-ful.     w?/.s'^.-ed.     t/i.s'^.-ed-ful.* 
m  un.     Vary,    to  alter  in  any  manner  ;  to  difler. 

Vary-ed-ing-able.     i)ijih\e-uh\y.     See  Rule  3d. 

*  Mistrust^  implies  suspicion  ;  Distrust^  want  of  confidence. 


"ENGLISH     LA  iNGUAGE.  117 

SECTION  XXXIV. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    TWO    PREFIXES    CONTINUED. 

pre  super.     Eminent,    high  ;  exalted  in  rank. 

Emin-Ent-ently-ence.     6'?//?er^ent-ently.     pre^ently-ence. 
dis  in.     Obedient,    submissive  to  authority. 

Obedi-Ent-ently-ence.     z«^ent-ently.     c?/^^ent-ently-ence. 
ar  de.     Range,    to  set  in  a  row  ;  to  rove  at  large. 

Range-ed-ing.     c/e^.-ed-ing-ment.     a?\.-ed-ing-ment. 
disen  en.     Cumber,  or  E/tcumber,    to  load,  or  burden. 

Cumber-ed-ing-some-someness.     e/<^.-ed-ing. 

£'//cum-Ber-bering-brance.     c?«6en^.-ed-ing-brance. 
unpre  pre.     Destine,    to  ordain,  or  appoint ;  to  doom. 

Destine-ed-ing-y-ation.    pre^.-ate-ated-ation.    uiipre^aXed 
unen  en.     Dear,    of  high  price  ;  beloved  ;  precious. 

Dear-ly-ness.     en^.-ed-ment.     wnen.ed. 
mis  un.     Fashion,    to  shape  ;  the  shape,  or  form. 

Fashionable,    according  to  fashion  ;  genteel. 

Fashion-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness.     W7i^able.     mis^.-ei. 
re  un.     Importune,    to  request,  or  solicit  with  urgency. 

Importunate,    urgent,  or  pressing  in  a  request. 

Importune-ed-ing-ate-ately-ity.     un^ed.     re^.-ed. 
<bre  un.     Mention,    to  state,  or  name  something. 

Mention-ed-ing-able.     wn^ed-able.     fore^ed. 
irre  re.      Suscitate,    to  rouse  ;  to  call  into  life,  or  action. 

Suscitate-ed-ing-ion.     re^.-ed-ion.     irre^dhle. 
US  dis.     Similar,    resembling;  like.      Similis,Y\\\.e. 

^.vsimilate,    to  make,  or  cause  to  be  like. 

Simil-Ar-arity.     rfi^ar-arity.     a.s'.ate-ated-ation. 
ane  e.     Vapor,    an  invisible  elastic  fluid  ;  steam. 

Evaporate,    to  pass  off  in  vapor,  or  steam. 

Vapor-ous-isli.     e^ate-ated-ation.     t*n^ed. 


118  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

ex  con.     Cave,  or  Cavern,    a  hollow  place  in  thp  earth. 

Cof'Ciive,    hollowing  inwardly.     ExcsiVRle,  to  dig  out. 

Cave-ern-ity.*     co/ij^.-iiy.     er^ate-ated-ation. 
de  in.     Fame,    public  report ;  rumor  ;  renown. 

D'  fame,    to  slander  ;  to  speak  evil  of  ;  to  libel. 

Fame-ous-ously.    m^ous-ously-y.   </(?^.-ed-ing-ation-atory 
in  unin.     Flame,    a  blaze  ;  fire,     /wflame,    to  set  on  fire. 

Flame-less,     unin^ed.     z//^.-ed-ing. 

//iflam-Mable-mably-mability-mableness-matory. 
un  be.      Grudge,  or  ^c^grudge,    to  envy,  or  murmur. 

Grudge-ed-ing-ingly.     bc\^.-ed.     ?///^ed-ing-ingly. 
mis  un.      Guide,    to  direct ;  a  conductor. 

Guide-ed-ing-ance.     7?iLs\.-ed-a,nce.     r/w^ed. 
un  dis.     Own,    to  acknowledge  ;  to  have  legal  right  to. 

Own-ed-er-ing-ership.     di6\.-ed.     un^ed. 
inter  un.     Pledge,    to  pawn  something,  as  security ;  tp   en 
gage  to  fulfil  a  promise,  or  declaration. 

Pledge-ed-ing-or-ee.     wn^ed.     mter^.-ed. 
dis  un.     Please,   to  exciXe  agreeable  emotions  in  ;  to  gr^   fy 

Please-ed-ing-ingly-ure-urable-urably.     unjint.     di.s\.    d- 
re  un.     Seize,   to  lay  hold  on  suddenly  ;  to  take.  [i*  ^. 

Seize-ed-ing-ure-able.     un^ed.     re^.-ure. 
non  in.     Sense,   the  faculty  by  which  external  objects  j    » 
perceived  ;  reason  ;  meaning  ;  import, 

Sense-less-lessly-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ation. 

/njble-ibly-ibility.     non^.-ical-ically. 
un  in.     Shade,    to  screen  from  light ;  to  paint ;  obscurity. 

Shade-ed-ing-ily-iness-y.     in^ed.     t/w^ed-y. 
be  un.     'I'ime,   to  adapt  to  the  occasion  ;  duration. 

Time-ed-ing-less-lessly-ly-ist.     unj.y.     he^, 

*  Observe  Rules  1st  and  2d,  tlirougliout  this  section. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  119 

all  nn.     Atone,   to  expiate  an  offense  ;  to  make  amends. 

Atone-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed.     allj.ng. 
un  all.     Admire,   to  regard  with  wonder  ;  to  esteem. 

Admire-ed-ing-er-ation-able-ably-ability. 

All  inff.     vn^ed-'mcr.     Miror,  to  wonder, 
all  un.     Adore,    to  worship  ;  to  pay  divine  honor  to. 

Adore-ed-ing-ation-able.     un^ed.     ailing. 
un  in      Converse,   to  talk.     Conversable,  free  in  disccurse 

Converse-ed-able-ation-ational.     in^ahle.     n?iJAe. 
un  mis.     Contrive,   to  invent ;  to  devise,  or  plan. 

Contrive-ed-ance-er-ment-able.     mis^.-ed'   un^ed. 
in  un.     Conclude,    to  decide  ;  to  finish  ;  to  infer. 

Conclusion,    final  decision.     Conclude-ed-ing.     wn^ed. 

Conclus-ion-ive-ively-iveness.     inJYe-\ve\y. 
inter  ex.     Commune,    to  converse  ;  to  confer  together. 

Communicate,    to  impart  to  another  ;  to  give  information 

J^a-communicate,    to  cut  off,  or  expel  from  communion. 

Commune-ed-ion-icate-ication-icative-icant-icable. 

^.r^icate-ication.     int.erjcViUoTi.     ^;/Jcable-icability. 
in  un.     Decide,    *o  determine  ;  to  end  ;   to  fix. 

Decision,  final  determination.    Decide-ed-ing-er.    linked 

Decis-ion-ive-ivel^^-iveness.     z,7  jon-ive-ively-iveness. 
in  un.     Define,    to  explain  ;  to  mark  the  limits. 

Define-ed-er-ition-able.     W7j^ed-able,     2//^able. 
in  un.     Dispute,    to  contend  in  argument;  strife. 

Dispute-ed-er-ation-able.     uu^ed.     injihle. 
pre  un.     Declare,    to  tell  explicitly  ;  to  make  plain. 

Declare-ed-ation-ative-atory.     un^ed.     pre^atioQ. 
mis  un.     Fortune  ;  success  ;  good  luck  ;  wealth. 

Fortunate,  successful ;  lucky  ;  prosperous. 

Fortune-:    ,;-ately.     7/w^ate-ateiy.     ynis^.-Rte. 

Fortuitous,  accidental ;  happening  by  chance. 


120  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un  dis.     Agree,   to  assent;  to  be  of  one  mind. 

Agreeable,    pleasing.     D/^agreeable,  not  pleasing. 

Agree-ed-ing-ment-able-ably-ableness. 

Z)/6\.-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness.     w;i^ed-able. 
dis  un.     Abuse,    to  use,  or  treat  ill.     See  Rule  1st. 

Discihuse,   to  free  from  mistake  ;  to  undeceive. 

Abuse-ed-ive-ively-ness,     w//^ed.     dis^.-ed-'mg. 
re  un.     Compile,   to  collect  matter  for  a  book. 

Compile-ed-er-ing-ation.     wn^ed.     re^.-ment 
in  un.     Compare,   to  liken  one  thing  to  another. 

Compare-ed-ison-able-ative.     tinned.     z«^able-ably. 
mis  un.     Construe,   to  translate  ;  to  interpret. 

Construe-ed-ing.     ww^sd.     mis^^.-ed. 
semi  un.     Calcine,   to  reduce  to  a  powder  by  heat. 

Calcine-ed-ation.     semi^ed.     un^ed. 
mis  un.     Derive,   to  draw,  or  receive,  as  from  a  source. 

Derive-ed-ation-ative-able,     u/i^ed.     mis^. 
in  re.     Flexile,    easily  bent ;  pliant.     Flecto,  to  bend. 

Flex-ile-ible-ibility.     rejty-ible.     m^ible-ibility. 
in  un.     Fertile,   fruitful  ;  rich  ;  inventive. 

Fertile-ity-ize-izing-ization.     wn^.-ness.     m^.-ity. 
un  mis.     Improve,    to  make  better  in  any  sense. 

Improve-ed-ment-able-ability.     im^ed.     mis^.-ment, 
un  mis.     Manage,  to  conduct ;  to  carry  on  ;  to  direct. 

Manage-ed-able-ably-ableness-ment.     7ms^.-ment. 
non  un.     Observe,   to  notice  with  attention. 

Observe-ed-ation-able-ance-atory.     un^ed.     nonjxnce. 
im  un.     Perceive,    to  observe  ;  to  understand. 

Perceive-ed-ing-able-ably.     wn^ed-able-ably. 

Percep-Tion-tive-tible-tibly.     zw^tible-tibly. 
self  un.     Preserve,   to  save  ;  to  keep  safe  from  injury. 

Presierve-er-ation-ative-able,     vn^ed.     selfcit\on> 


ENGLISH     LAxNGUAGE.  121 

re  un.     Compensate,   to  make  amends ;  to  give  an  equiva- 
lent;  to  remunerate.      Compenso. 

Compensate-ed-ing-ion-ory.     wn^ed.     rc^.-ed. 
re  un.     Celebrate,   to  praise,  or  make  famous. 

Celebrate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     re^.-ed-ation. 
all  un.     Devastate,   to  lay  waste  ;  to  ravage,  or  destroy. 

Devastate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     a//jng. 
self  un.     Educate,    to  instruct ;  to  bring  up,  as  children. 

Educate-ed-or-ion-ional-ionist.     linked,     self^ed. 
in  un.     Expiate,   to  atone  for  ;  to  make  reparation. 

Expiate-ed-ion-ory.    vn^ed.    in^  ble.    Rules  8th.  and  9th 
sub  contra.     Indicate,   to  point  out,  or  show. 

Indicate-ed-ion-ive.     contra^ion.     Indico,  to  show, 
un  in.     Imitate,   to  copy  after  ;  to  counterfeit. 

Imitate-ed-or-ion-ble-ive.     in^ble-bly.     un^ed. 
im  un.     Mitigate,   to  alleviate  ;  to  abate.     Mitisy  mild. 

Mitigate-ed-ing-ion.     t/n^ed.    'imjole. 
un  in.     Separate,   to  divide,  or  part ;  disunion. 

Separate-ed-ion-ble-bility.     i«^ble-bly.     un^ed. 
in  un.     Articulate,   to  utter  words  distinctly. 

Articulate-ed-ion-ly.     un^ed.     in^Ay-ion. 
re  un.     Accelerate,    to  quicken,  as  motion  ;  to  hasten. 

Accelerate-ed-ing-ive-ion-ory.     wn^ed. 
ir  un.     Conciliate,   to  reconcile  ;  to  gain  the  affectiont, 

Conciliate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     vn^ed. 

i?econcile-ed-ins-iation-able.     triable. 
re  un.     Interrogate,   to  question.     Rogo,  to  ask. 

Interrogate-ed-ing-ion-ive-ively-ory.     un^ed,     re^, 
mis  un.     Translate,   to  interpret ;  to  transfer. 

Translate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed.     mis^.-ed. 
un  in.     Terminate,   to  put  an  end  to ;  to  close  ;  to  limit. 

Terminate-ed-ing-ion.     tn^ble-bleness-bly.    ua^iagi. 

11 


122  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un  in.     Access,    a  coming  to  ;  a  near  approach. 

Access-ion-ible-ibly-ibility.     z>«^ible-ibility.     uiiJHy. 
un.     Amiable,    lovely.     Ami-Able-ably-ability.     ww^able. 
in.     Applicable,    that  may  be  applied  ;  suitable  ;  fit. 

Applica-Ble-bly-bility.     zw^bie-bility. 
in.     Capable,    having  sufficient  capacity  for. 

Capacitate,    to  make  capable  of.     Capio,  to  take.  • 

Cap-Able-ability-acitate-acious-acity. 

/«^able-ability-acitate-acitated. 
un.     Determine,    to  decide.    Determine-ed-ing-ation.  w/^^ed 
un.     Demonstrate,    to  prove  beyond  a  doubt. 

Demonstrate-ed-or-ion-ble-bly.     ww^ed-ble. 
in.     Eligible,    fit,  or  worthy  to  be  chosen.    Eligo,  to  choose 

Elig-ible-ibly-ibility.     zn^ible-ibility. 
un.      Hesitate,    to  be  in  doubt.  Hesitate-ed-ing-ion.  wn^inglj 
un.     Illuminate,  io  enlighten.     Illuminate-ed-ing-ion. 

Negotiate,   to  transact  business.     Negotiate-ion-ble-or. 

Precarious,    uncertain.     Precarious-ly-ness. 
un  im.      Propitiate,    to  conciliate  ;  to  render  favorable. 

/^propitious,    unfavorable.     Propitio,  to  appease. 

Propiti-Ate-ated-ating-ation-ator-atory-ous-ously. 

/w^ous-ously.     wn^ous-ously-ousness. 
in.     Subordinate,    inferior  in  order,  rank,  or  degree. 

Subordinate-ly-ion.  z/«^.-ly-ation.  Or^/o, order;  ^wi, under 
'm.      Salubrious,    favorable  to  health.      Salus,  safety. 

Salubri-ous-ously-ousness-ty.     mj)i\s-ty. 
m.     Vincible,    that  may  be  overcome.      Vi?ico,  to  conquer. 

Vinci-Ble-bly-bility-bleness.     u/^ble-bly-bility-bleness. 
in.     Violate,    to  break,  as  a  law.    Violate-ed-ion-or.    znj)le 
un  re.     Capture,   to  take,  or  to  seize,  as  a  prisoner. 

Capt-ure-ured-uring-or.     r^jire-ured.     wn^^ured. 
over  mis.  Rule,   to  govern.   Rule-cd-cr-ing.    fnis\.   over^.-ed 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  123 

SECTION  XXXV. 

DEFINING    BY    THE    USE    OF    THREE    PREFIXES 

im  re  un.     Bound,   to  limit ;  to  leap  ;  a  limit. 

Bound-ed-ary-less.     uv^ed.     re^.     im^. 

Boundec?,    did  bound,  or  limit ;  confined. 

Boundary,    that  which  bounds  ;  a  limit. 

Bound/e.v^-,    without  bounds  ;  unlimited. 

Unbounded,    was  not  bounded,  or  limited. 

icebound,    to  bound  back,  or  to  bound  again. 

/abound,   to  bound  in,  or  to  inclose  in  limits, 
un  ab  in.     Err,    to  go  astray  ;  to  do  wrong. 

^  Serration,    a  wandering  from  the  right  way. 

Err-ed-ing-atic-atical-able-ableness. 

Ab^Siiion.     in^ahle.     w/i^ng-ingly-able. 
arch  CO  un.     Found,   to  lay  the  basis  ;  to  begin. 

Found-ed-er-ation-ationless.     un^ed.     co^er.     archjdr, 
un  dis.     Grace,   favor  ;  good  will ;  to  adorn. 

Grace-ful-fully-less-ious.     disSnl-iuWy.     wnjous-iously 
dis  re  un.     Joint,   the  joining  of  things,  or  place  of  joining 

Joint-ed-edly-less.     wn^.-ed.     re^.     disced. 
en  un  dis.     Robe,  or  Enrobe,   to  put  on  a  robe,     dis^.-ed. 
un  de  an.     Note,    to  notice  ;  to  mark  ;  a  short  letter. 

.Annotation,    a  remark  ;  a  note,  or  commentary. 

Denote,   to  mark  out  ;  to  signify ;  to  indicate. 

Note-ed-ation.     a/?^ation.     c^e^,-ed.     un^ed. 
un  dis  mis.     Place,   to  set,  or  put  in  some  place. 

Place-ed-ing.     mis^.-ed.     dis^.-ed.     un^ed. 
di«5  un  self.      Praise,    to  commend  ;  to  applaud. 

Praise-ed-worthy.     se/f^.     un^ed.     dis^. 
un  im  dis.     Plume,    a  f&ather  ;  token  of  honor. 

Plume-less-let.     dis^.-ed.     im^ons.     un^.-ed. 


124  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

fore  iin  mis.     Advise,   to  give  counsel  to.      Video,  to  see. 

Advise-ed-er-ing-able-ory.     mis^.-ed.     un^eA. 
un  ab  in.     Alien,    a  foreigner.     Alienus,  foreign. 

Alienate,    to  transfer  title,  or  right  to  another. 
Alien-ate-ated-ation-able.     m^able.     ai^ate-ation. 
un  niis  dis.     Belief,    persuasion  of  truth ;  assent  of  the  mind. 

Believe,   to  give  credit  to.     Believe-ed-er-ing. 

D«.9^.-ed-ing.     mis^.-ing.     w7?^.-ing-er. 
un  Unas  as.     Certain,    sure  ;  undoubted.      Certus,  sure. 

Certain-ly-ty.     ^^certain,    to  make  sure  by  trial. 

^6certain-ed-ing-able-ment.     unasked,     un^.-ty. 
un  in  re.     Combine,    to  unite  ;  to  link  together. 

Combine-ed-ation.     re..-dit\on.     in.shle.     wn.ed. 
un  dis  re.     Commend,    to  praise  ;  to  applaud  ;  to  extol. 

Commend-ed-ing-ation-atory,     re^.     dLSj^.     un^ed. 
un  all  in.     Consume,   to  destroy  ;  to  waste  away. 

Consume-ed-er-ing.     2w^able-ably.    afljng.     ww^ed. 
un  mis  in.     Correct,    right,  or  to  make  right. 

Correct-ed-ing-ion-ive-or.      Rectus,  right. 

Uorrcct-ly-ness.     in^Ay.     w??".s^ed-ion.     unjtd. 
in  un  re.     Consider,   to  think  ;  to  fix  the  mind  on. 

Consider-ed-ing-ation.     r(?^.-ed-ation.     wn^ed. 

Considerate,    thoughtful.     e;?^.-ly-ion-ness. 
un  anti  pre.      Constitute,    to  fix  ;  to  establish,  or  make. 

Constitute-ed-ion-ional.     prejdd.     antij.oxi-d\.     r/wjonal 
fore  un  pre.      Design,    to  plan  ;  to  intend  ;  a  scheme. 

Design-ed-er-ing-ation.     pr^^ed.     wn^ed-ing. 
in  un  self.     Destroy,    to  demolish,  or  lay  waste  ;  to  ruin. 

Destroy-ed-er-ing.    self^er.    un^ed.    See  Ex.  2d,  Rule  3d. 

Destruct-ion-ive-ively-ible.     self^ion.     edible.  [&c. 

reim  im  re.     Print,   to  impress  letters  or  figures  on  paper 

Print-ed-ing-er.     re^.-ed.     im^.-Qd.     rcim^.-Qd. 


\ 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  125 


dis  un  in.     Console,    to  comfort  ;  to  alleviate  grief. 

Console-ed-ing-able-ation-atory-er. 

7/?^able-ably.     «/*^ed-ing.     (//.y^ate-atencss-ation. 
in  sub  un.     Divide,    to  separate  ;  to  make  partition  of. 

Divide-ed-edly-ing-er.     w»,ed-edly.    .sub^.-ed. 

Divis-ion-ible-ibility.     n/jble-ibility.     sub  jon. 
all  im  pre.     Mature,    to  ripen  ;  to  perfect;  ripe. 

Mature-ed-ing-ity-ness-ly.     pre^Ay.     2w^ity. 
un  re  under.      Purchase,    to  buy,  as  property. 

Purchase-ed-ing-er.     under^er.     r^-^.-ed.     ww^ed. 
in  unob  ob.     Noxious  ;  hurtful  ;  pernicious  ;  destructive. 

Obnoxious,    liable  ;  exposed  ;  offensive  to. 
^     Noxious-ly-ness.     ob^Ay.     unob^.    in^Ay. 
m  over  un.     Offend,   to  displease.     Offense,  displeasure. 

Offend-ed-ing-er.     ww^ed-ing.     overbed. 

Offense-ive-ively-iveness.     m  jve-ively. 
pre  re  un.      Obtain,    to  get,  or  gain  ;  to  succeed  in. 

Obtain-ed-ing-able.     w;i^ed-able.     re^.-ed-mg  able, 
un  mis  dis.     Profess,   to  make  open  declaration  of;  to  avow. 

Profess-ed-edly-ion-ional-ionally      dis^.     mis^.     un^ed. 
ir  un  after.     Repent,    to  feel  sorrow  for  what  was  wrong  ; 
to  change  the  mind.     Poena,  pain. 

Repent-ed-ing-ance.     aftfr^wc\ce.     wwjng-ingly. 
un  out  mis.     Reckon,    to  count;  compute,  or  estimate. 

Reckon-ed-ing.     mis^.-ed.     out^.-ed.     vn^ed. 
CO  out  un.     Rival,    to  strive  for  an  object  in  opposition  to 
some  other  person  ;  a  competitor.     Rivalis. 

Rival-ed-ing-ry.     ringed,     oitt^.     co^.-ry. 
un  re  all.      Search,    to  seek  for  ;  to  explore  ;   inquiry. 

Search-ed-ing-ingly.     a//,ing.     re^.     yn^ahle. 
ill  un  en.     Tangle,  or  Enta,ng\e,  to  twist  together  ;  to  puzzle. 

Tangle-ed-ing.     en^.-ed-er-ment.     un^ed. 

11* 


126  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

un  non  in.     Attend,   to  wait  on  ;  to  go  with  ;  to  listen  to 

Attend-ed-ing-ance.     non^RUce. 

Attent-ive-ively-ion.     iwjve-ively-ion. 
ex  un  dis.     Author,   the  writer  of;  the  first  mover  of. 

Authorize,   to  give  power  to  ;  to  empower. 

Author-ess-ship-ize-ized.     c?«.s-^ized.     unj.zed. 
re  un  all.     Conquer,   to  subdue,  or  to  gain  by  force. 

Conquer-ed-ing-or-able.     a//^ing.     wn,ed-able.     re^.-ed. 
mis  self  pre.     Conceit,    to  imagine  ;  a  notion,  or  fancy. 

Conceive,    to  form  an  idea  in  the  mind,    pre^.-ed. 

Conceit-ed-edly-ful-less.  self^.-ed.     mis^. 
re  un  pre.     Consult,   to  seek  the  opinion  of  others. 

Consult-ed-ing-ation.     pre  ^BXion.     wn^ed. 
re  un  in.     Digest,    to  concoct  food  ;  to  arrange. 

Digest-ed-ible-ion-ive.     mjble-ion.     w;i^ed. 
mis  dis  self.     Esteem,    to  prize  ;  to  set  value  on. 

Esteem-ed-ing.     self^.     dis^.-ed.     mis^. 
mis  self  un.     Govern,   to  direct  and  control  by  autTiority. 

GoVern-ed-ing-or-ment.     ^e//*^ed-ing-ment.     mis.-^d, 
un  re  in.     Gather,    to  collect ;  to  bring  together. 

Gather-ed-ing.     2ViJng.     re^.-ed.     unje^d. 
un  self  in.     Glory,    brightness  ;  luster  ;  splendor. 

Glorify,   to  make  glorious,  or  give  glory  to. 

Glory-ous-ously.     iw^ous-ously.     sclfjdus. 

Glori-Fy-fied-fying-fication.     See  Rule  11th. 
un  super  in.     Human,   having  the  qualities  of  men. 

Humane,    kind ;  compassionate  ;  tender. 

Hmnan-ize-ity.     iw^.-ity-ly.     svpcr^. 
un  mis  pre.     Instruct,   to  teach  ;  to  educate,  or  inform. 

Tnstruct-ed-ion-or-ress-ive.    preyed,     mis^.-ed.     ww^ed. 
de  anti  im.     Moral,    relating  to  good  conduct. 

Moral-ly-ity-ist-ize.     im  ^.-iiy     anti jst.     de-ize. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  127 

un  in  mis.     Appropriate,    to  set  apart ;  suitable. 

Appropri^te-ed-iiig-ion.     niisjoii.     i?i^.     tinned. 
in  mis  un.     Calculate,    to  compute  ;  to  reckon. 

Calculate-ed-ing-ion-ble.     un^ed. 
' Mis ^.-ed-ioR.     m^ble-bly.     See  Rule  9th. 
re  in  un.     Deliberate,    to  ponder  ;  to  consider. 

Deliberate-ed-ion-ive-ly-ness.     wn^ed.     «njy. 
un  e.     Radicate,    to  root,  or  plant.     £'radicate,  to  uproot. 

jEradicate-ed-ing-ion-ble.     ww^ed-ble. 
unpre  pre.     Meditate,    to  contemplate  ;  to  muse. 

Meditate-ed-ion-ing-ive.     j^re^.-ed-ing-ion.     unpre  jed. 
im.     Moderate,    to  restrain  from  excess  ;  not  violent. 

Moderate-ed-ing-ly-ion-or.     m^.-ly-ness-ion, 
e  un.     Narrate,    to  tell ;  to  rehearse,  or  relate. 

Narrate-ed-ing-ion-ive.     Narro,  to  narrate. 
circum  un.     Navigate,    to  sail  on  water  in  ships. 

Navigate-or-ion-ble.     wn^ed-ble.     circumj^.-ion. 
all  im  un.     Penetrate,   to  pierce  ;  to  enter. 

Penetrate-ed-ion-ble.     un^ed.     2w^ble-bly-bility.    alljng 
un  im.     Perforate.,    to  bore,  or  pierce  through. 

Perforate^ed-ing-ion-ive-or.     m^.-able.     un^ed. 
une  ir  e.     Radiate,  irradiate,  or  Irradiate,    to  issue  in  rays 
of  light.     Radius,  a  ray,  or  spoke. 

Radiate-ed-ing-ion.     e^ate-ion.     n\ate-ion. 
un  super  over.     Saturate,   to  supply,  or  fill  to  fullness. 

Saturate-ed-ing-ion.     overjitG.     supcr^ion.     un^ed. 
in  un.     Stimulate,    to  excite  to  action.     Stimulo^  to  goad. 

Stimulate-ed-iag-ive-or-ion.     t/n,ed-ing. 
unre.     Vindicate,    to  defend  ;  to  justify;  to  avenge. 

Vindicate-ed-ing-ion.     r^^.-ed-ing.     wn^ed. 
un.     Stipulate,   to  mak-e  an  agreement ;   to  bargain. 

Stipulate-ed-ing-or-ion.     unjdd. 


128  ANALYSIS     OF     THB 


SECTION  XXXVI. 

SPECIAL    DIRECTIONS    FOR    COMBINING    DERIVATIVES. 

"When  the  prefixes  are  separated  from  the  word,  and  from  each  other, 
by  a  hyphen,  each  prefix,  one  bj  one,  is  to  combine  with  the  word,  aa 
it  takes  its  several  suffixes,  onward  to  the  period  following.  If  two  or 
more  words  follow  each  other,  separated  by  a  comma,  the  several  pre- 
fixes unite  with  each  of  those  words.  If  the  word  is  repeated  after- 
ward, with  prefixes  and  suffixes,  or  either,  unless  otherwise  shown  by 
the  caret,  it  will  combine  as  in  the  following — 

EXAMPLES. 

Component  parts. 
5*4321  6 

1.  be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less. 

Combined  thus : 

1.  Cloud,  Clouded.  4.  Incloud,  Inclouded. 

2.  Uncloud,  Unclouded.         5.  Becloud,  Beclouded. 

3.  Overcloud,  Overclouded.  6.  Cloud,  Cloudy,  Cloudless. 

Component  parts. 
6        5  4         3      2  1 

2.  im-irre-unre-re-uti-Movable,  Movably. 

Combined  thus : 

1.  Movable,  Movably.  4.  Unremovable,  Unremovably. 

2.  Unmovable,  Unmovably.   5.  Irremovably,  Irremovably. 

3.  Removable,  Removably.    6.  Immovable,  Immovably, 

EXERCISE. 

Cloud,   to  obscure  by  mist ;  to  darken  ;  to  mnlce  gloomy, 
be-iu-over-un-Cloud-ed.     Cloud-y-less-iness. 

Date,   to  note,  or  fix  the  time  of  an  event,  or  wruing. 
ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed.      Date-less,     imjdd.. 

Count,   to  number;  to  reckon  ;  to  ascribe,  or  impute, 
mis-over-re-Count-ed.     Count-less,     wn^ed. 


ENGLISH      LAXGLAGE.  129 

Close,    to  shut ;  to  make  fast ;  to  linisli  ;  to  unite. 

dis-en-fore-in-re-un-CIose-ed.     Close-ing. 
Chord,    a  right  line,  being  the  arc  of  a  circle  ;  a  string  of  a 
musical  instrument ;  to  string. 

deca-hexa-mono-poly-tetra-Chord.     Chord-ed-ing 
Centric,    pertaining  to  the  center  ;  in  a  central  position. 

Concentric,    tending  to  the  center, 

con-ec-geo-helio-sub-Centric.      Centric-ally. 
Change,    to   alter   in   any   manner ;    to   giA'e   one   thing   for 
another  ;  any  variation,  or  alteration. 

inter-re-reex-ex-Change-ed.     all  jug.     vn^ed. 
Charge,    to  load,  as  a  gun  ;  to  assault,  or  attack  ;  expense. 

/Surcharge,    to  overload,  or  to  overcharge. 

dis-mis-over-sur-Charge-ed.     uv^ed. 
Knowledge,    a   clear   perception   of  truth,   or   of  any  fact ; 
acquaintance  with  ;  learning.     Aosco,  to  know. 

Acknowledge,    to  admit  to  be  true  ;  to  own. 

disac-ac-fore-self-KnoM^edge.     nnac^ed. 
Motion,    a  moving  ;  a  change  of  local  position.     Motus. 

Xocomotion,    the  act  of  moving  from  place  to  place. 

Amotion,    a  moving  of  the  mind  ;  excitement. 

com-counter-e-loco-Motion.      Motion-less. 

im-irre-unre-re-un-iMovable,  or  Movnbly.        [the  world. 
Mundane,    belonging,  or  pertaining  to  the  world.      Mundi/s, 

anle-infra-inter-super-supra- Mundane.  [fected. 

Natural,    pertaining  to   nature  ;■  produced  by  nature  ;  unaf- 

CofijiRtuYul,    connected  by  nature  ;  united  in  nature. 

con-counter-preter-un-N  atural.     Natural-ly-ize. 
Ruption,    a  breach  ;   a  break,  or  bursting  open. 

inter-pro-ab-dis-c-Ruption.      Rupture-ed. 
Sy/lable,    letters  uttered  at  a  single  impulse  of  the  voice, 

dis-mono-octo-poiy-tri-SyilablQ . 


130  ANAL  Y  SIS     OF     THE 

Dense,    compact.     Dense-ly-ity-nes:?^ 

Cundense,    to  make  more  dense  or  compact. 

re-Condense-ed-atiori.     u/i^ed.     v/z^able-ability. 
Graft,    to  insert,  or  join  on,  as  a  cion,  or  shoot. 

in-re-Graft  ed-ing,     y/;/^ed.     r/ii.s\.-ed. 
Grade,    a  degree  ;  a  rank,  or  order  ;  to  level  a  road. 

de-retro-Grade-ation.      ?m^ed.     unde^ed. 
Line,    length  without  breadth,  or  thickness. 

Z)<"lineate,    to  mark  out,  as  with  lines. 

inter- Tjine-ation.*     Dtlineate-ed-ing-ion. 
Love,    to  be  pleased  with  ;   affection  ;   good  will. 

Love-ly-liness-ing.     w/jjy-liness.     he^ed. 
Mount,    to  rise  aloft ;  to  leap  upon  ;  a  mountain. 

(S-'/rmount,    to  rise  above.     Z)/.smount,    to  get  off. 

dis-sur-Mount-ed-ing.     i'n.s-wr^able.     unsiirj&d. 
Mode,    method  ;  form  ;  manner  of  existing. 

Modify,    to  alter  ;  to  vary  the  form. 

Mode-ify-ifying-ifier-ified-ification.t     «« jfied. 
Plot,    to  form  a  scheme  of  mischief;  to  contrive. 

com-Plot-ted-ting4     counter-under-Plot. 
Poise,    to  weigh,  or  balance  ;  a  weight. 

counter-equi-over-Poise.      Poise-ed-ing. 
Sure,    certain  ;  firm,     ^.vsure,    to  make  certain. 

Insure,    to  make  sure,  or  secure. 

reas-as-rein-in-Sure.     unin^ed.     unasked. 
Taught,    instructed  in  the  arts,  or  sciences. 

mis-self-un-Taught.     Teach-able-ing-er. 
Veil,    to  cover,  or  hide  ;  a  covering. 

over-Veil-ed-ing.     t/??^ed. 
Vital,    necessary  to  life  ;  essential.     Vital-ize-ity. 
Vigilant,    watchful.      Vigil-Aut-antlv-ance. 


£,  final,  is  retaiued  iu  llneation.     \  See  Rule  lltli-      %  Soe  Rule  6tb. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  13* 

Ambulate,    to  walk  from  place  to  place,     kmhulo. 

circum-noct-pre-per-Ambulate-ion. 
Appoint,    to  fix,  or  settle  ;  to  allot ;  to  ordain. 

jD/iappoint,    to  defeat  Avhat  was  expected. 

dis-fore-re-Appoint-ment.     ww^ed. 
Account,    to  render  an  account  of;  to  give  reasons  for. 

Account-ed-ing-able-ableness-ably-ability-ant. 

Z7w.,ed-able-ableness-ably-ability. 
Generate,    to  propagate  ;  to  cause  to  bring  into  life. 

i?(?generate,    to  renew.     Degenerate,   to  grow  worse 

de-re-Generate-ed-ion.     unre^QA.     U7ide^ed. 

« 

Minister,    to  afford  supplies  ;  to  perform  service  in  office. 

7lc?minister,*^to  help,  or  give  aid  to. 

mal-pre-ad-Ministration.     unad^eA. 
Mutable,    subject  to  change.     Muto^  to  change. 

Transmute,    to  change  the  nature  or  substance  of. 

CoTTimute,    to  exchange  one  thing  for  another. 

com-im-trans-Mut-Able-ability.     Mutable-ness. 
Ordain,    to  appoint,  or  decree  ;  to  establish. 

fore-pre-re-Ordain,  or  Ordination.     77i;.?^ation. 
Pendent,    hanging,  or  jutting  over.     Pendeo,  to  hang. 

Append,    to  hang  to.     Append-ed-ant-age. 

/wpend,   to  hang  over,     /wpend-ing-ent-ency. 

2)epend,    to  hang  down  from,  for  support. 

Depend-ent-ently-ence-ency.     ind  c^ent-ently. 
Cumbent,  or  Decumbent,   lying  down  ;  bending  down. 

i^^cumbei^t,    reclining,  or  leaning  back. 

Procumbent,    leaning  forward  ;  'prostrate  ;  trailing. 

/ncumbent,    leaning  or  lying  on;  a  person  in  office. 

de-pro-re-superin-in-Cumbent.     in^\y.     rejy. 
Success,    favorable,  or  prosperous  ;  result  of  any  purpose. 

Success-ful-fully-fulness-less.     un/ul-fully. 


1 33  A  N  A  L  V  S  1  S      0  }•      T  H  I 

Angular,    having  an  angle,  or  angles.*    Anguhts. 

mult-oct-tri-im-  Angular.      Angular-ly. 
Enforce,    to  give  force  to  ;  to  put  in  execution. 

re-Enforce-ed-ing-ment.     ?/??,ed. 
Establish,    to  fix  firmly  ;  to  confirm  ;  to  appoint. 

pre-re-Establish-ed-ing-ment.     comment. 
Examine,    to  inspect  carefully  ;  to  scrutinize. 

pre-re-Examine-ed-ing-ation.     self ^ditioxi,     w«^ed. 
Locution,    a  discourse  ;  manner  of  speaking. 

circum-inter-e-Locution.     hoquor,  to  speak. 
Probation,    foretrial  ;  the  act  of  proving.     Proho. 

-i4/>probation,    expressing  satisfaction  ;  commendation. 

Probation-er-ary.     dis-/l/>probation.      • 
Remember,    to  call  back  an  idea  to  mind  ;  to  attend  to. 

mis-Remcmber-ed.     dis,.     ?/«,ed. 

A  A 

Respond,    to  answer  to.      Response,    an  answer. 

Correspond,    to  agree  with;  to  hold  intercourse  with. 

cor-Respond-ed-ing-ent-ence-ency. 

Response-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ive-ively. 
Secure,    free  from  danger;  to  make  safe. 

in-Secure-ly-ity.     Secure-ed-ing.     w«_^ed. 
Structure,    a  building  of  any  kind.      Struo,  to  build. 

Co7JStruct,    to  build,  or  fabricate  ;  to  compose. 

Co«struct-ed-ion-ive.     sub-super-Structure. 
Vision,    sight ;  something  imagined.      Videu^  to  see. 

re-super-Vision.      Visible,    that  may  be  seen. 

in-Vis-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
Vex,    to  irritate  by  little  provocations  ;  to  fret. 

Vex-ed-er-inor-ation-atious-atiouslv.     w/red. 
Warn,    to  caution  of  approaching  danger. 

fore-Warn-ed-ing.     un^ed.     v/ijare^ed. 
Waste,    to  squander.      Waste-ful-fullv-fulne^s, 


ENGLISH      LAXOUAOB.  133 

SECTION  XXXVII. 

INSEPARABLE     PREFIXES. 

When  a  part  of  the  word  from  whicli  derivatives  are  to  be  formed, 
is  an  inseparable  prefix,  and  is  cnt  off  by  a  comma,  tlius,  Ex,portation^ 
that  part  preceding  the  comma,  must  be  dropped  before  any  other 
prefix  can  bo  added ;  as  in  tlie  following  example : 

e-de-pro.  Rejected,  First  drop  re,  and 

join  pro,  and  it  forms  Projected.  Now  drop  pro,  and 

join  f/e,  and  it  becomes  Dejected.  Then  drop  de,  and 

join  e,  and  it  forms  Ejected. 

Each  prefix  modifies  tlie  signification  of  the  root  so  as  to  accord  with 
S^  peculiar  import ;  thus. 

Rejected,    implies  thrown  back,  or  cast  ofT. 
Projected,    implies  thrown,  or  cast  forward. 
Dejected,    implies  cast  donm,  or  down  cast. 
Ejected,    implies  cast  ojit,  or  thrown  out. 

Note.— The  pupil  may  now  read  each  of  the  following  words  with 
its  definition,  then  join  the  several  prefixes,  and  define  the  word  in 
Buch  connection.  Tlie  derivative  formations  by  siiflaxes,  may  be  omitted. 

re  de  ex.  Con,tract,    to  draw  together. 

pro  re  ex.  Im,pel,    to  force,  or  urge  on. 

cent  sept.  Bi,ennial,    once  in  two  years, 

de  e  con.  In,voife,    to  roll  in,  or  envelop, 

dontro  di.  Con,vert,    to  turn  with  ;  to  change, 

circum  retro  In,spection,    a  looking  into, 

abs  con  re.  Sus,tain,    to  hold  up  ;  to  bear  up. 

trans  con  e.  Di,gress,    to  go  aside  ;  to  depart  from, 

aristo  theo.  Demo, curacy,    government  by  the  people, 

as  discon  con.  Dis,sent,    to  disagree  in  opinion, 

reex  ex  reim,  Im,port,    to  bring  in  from  abroad,  as  goods. 

ex  pre  re.  Pro,ceed,    to  go  forward  ;  to  advance. 

12 


134  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 


SECTION  XXXVIII. 

PRIMITIVE    WORDS     HAVING    AN     INSEPARABLE    PREFIX. 

This  page  and  the  next  six,  may  be  frequently  taken  up  as  a  suit- 
able exercise  to  test  the  ability  of  pupils,  in  giving  the  appropriate 
signification  of  the  several  foots,  as  differently  modified  by  prefixes. 
Let  the  pupil  comTnenee  the  combinations  with  the  prefix  immediately 
preceding  the  word,  and  take  each  one  in  retrograde  order^  according 
to  the  following — 

EXAMPLE. 

Component  parts. 
987G54       3       2  1 

at-con-de-clis-ex-pro're-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 

Combined  thus:  * 

1.  Abs,tract,     Abs,tracted,     Abs,tracting,     Abs,traction. 

2.  Siib,tract,     Sub,tracted,     Siib,tractiiig,     Sub,traction. 

3.  Re.jtract,       Re,tracted,       Re,tractiilg,       Re,traction. 

4.  PrOjtract,      Pro,tracted,     Pro,tracting,      Pro,tractioii. 

5.  Ex-.       6.  Dis-.       7.  De-.       8.  Con-.       9.  At-. 


EXERCISE. 

Abs,tract,    to  drav^^  from  ;  to  take  from  ;  a  summary.   TrahOf 

to  draw,  or  take  ;  ahs,  from. 

Dis,tract,    to  draw  apart,  or  to  derange  the  mind. 

at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 

Adjduce,    to  lead  or  conduct  to  ;  to  bring  forward  ;  to  offer 

or  present.     Duco,  to  lead  or  draw  ;  ad,  to. 

Con,duce,   to  lead  or  tend  to  some  end  of  object 

ab-con-de-pro-re-e-se-sub-  ]    .  ,  . 

.    .  y  Adjduce,  or  Ad,duction. 

mtro-ropro-superin-m-         ) 

de-in-recon-miscon-con-sub-Ab,duct-ed. 

be-mis-re-par-over-under-Take-ing-. 


ENGLISH      LANGUAGE.  135 

Afjfect,    to-actiipon;  to  produce  a  change.     Facto,  to  msike. 
Efjfect,    to  accomplish.     In, feet,    to  pollute,  or  poison. 
De,fective,    faulty ;  imperfect ;  blamable. 
disin-in-imper-per-ef-disaf-Af,fect-ed-ion.  , 

unper-unef-unin-rein-misaf-unaf-Af,fected. 
inef-unde-inde-De,fective.     De,fective-ly-ness. 

Bi,ennial,    taking  place  once  in  two  years.      Annus,  a  year. 
cent-dec-oct-per-tri-sex-Bi,ennial.     Bi,emiial-ly. 

Atjtain,    to  gain  ;  to  arrive  at.      Teneo,  to  hold. 

Per,tain,    to  belong.     Ap,pertain,  to  belong  to. 

SuSjtain,    to  hold  up.     De,tain,  to  hold  from. 

Objtain,    to  acquire.     Con,tain,  to  hold,  as  a  vessel. 

abs-apper-per-con-de-sus-ob-re-At,tain-ed-ing. 

con-unre-re-unsus-sus-unob-ob-unat-At,tainable. 
DijVert,    to  turn  off  from  ;  to  turn  aside  ;  to  amuse.    Verto,  to 
turn  ;  di,  from,  or  aside  from. 

Con,vert,    to  turn  with,  or  change.    A,vert,  to  turn  away. 

Per,vert,    to  turn  by,  or  from  what  is  right. 
^         a-ad-con-contro-in-intro-per-re-sub-Di,vert-ed. 

a-recon-con-in-per-retro-re-sub-trans-Di,version. 

uncontro-unsub-una-unper-uncon-undi-Di,verted. 

Af,firm,   to  assert  positively.     Con,firm,  to  ratify. 
recon-con-reaf-misaf-Af,firm-ed-ation. 

Migrate,   to  remove  from  one  country  or  place  to  another. 
e-com-re-im-inter-trans-Migrate-ion. 

Throne,    a  royal  seat..     En,throne,  to  put  on  a  throne. 
un-de-disen»reen-en-Throne-ed.     De,throne-meiit. 

Create,    to  produce  something  from  nothing. 
Re, create,    to  create  anew  ;  to  form  anew. 
Re,c''reate,    to  refresh  after  toil ;  to  amuse. 
re-Create-ed-inff-ion.     tinned.     misAxe. 


136  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ad,mit,   to  give  leave  to  enters  to  allow;  to  grant. 

Mitto,   to  send,  or  let  go.     Missus,  sent. 

Com,mit,    to  give  in  trust.     E,mit,    to  send  forth. 

Per,mit,   to  allow.     Inter,mit,  to  cease  for  a  time. 

Re,mit,   to  abate  or  lessen.     Trans, mit,   to  send  off  to. 

com-e-inter-o-per-re-manu-  )   .  ,     .       ,     .  ,     .     . 

>  Ad,mit-ted,  Ad, mission, 
trans -re  corn-read-  j 

Com,mand,    to  bid,  or  direct.      Mando,  to  bid. 

De,mand,    to  claim.     Re,mand,    to  call  back. 
Counter,mand,   to  give  a  contrary  order. 
coimter-re-rede-de-Com,mand-ed-ing.     Com,mand-er. 

Diction,    a  speaking  ;  expressing  ideas  by  words  ;  style,  or 
manner.     Dico,  to  speak. 
bene-contra-inter-male-pre-vale-Diction. 

De,vious,    going  or  departing  from  the   right    or  common 
way  ;  wandering.     De,  from  ;  via,  the  way. 

Per,vioiis,    passing  through.     Ob,vious,  evident. 

unob-ob-imper-per-pre-De,vious.     Ob,vious-ly. 
Ex,ist,    to  have  actual  existence.     Sisto,  to  stand. 

coex-preex-Ex,ist-ent-ence.     nonex-selfex-Ex,istence. 

Ejlect,    to  choose  out  of.     Lectus,  chosen  ;  <?,  out  of. 

Seject,    to  choose  from.     Col,lect,    to  bring  together. 

recol-col-pree-ree-se-E,lect-ed-ing-ion.  '^ 
Pass,    to  go  by  ;  to  go  from  place  to  place. 

Sur,pass,    to  go  beyond.     Com,pass,    to  go  around. 

com-over-sur-re-Pass-ed-ing.     imjihle. 

Portion,    a  part  or  share.     Pro,portion,  a  just  share. 

Ap,portion,   to  assign  a  just  share  to. 

reap-ap-dispro-overpro-mispro-pro-Portion. 
Jacent,    lying  at  length.     Jaccns,  lying. 

ad-circum-inter-sub-Jucent. 


E  N  O  L  I  S  H     L  A  N  O  U  A  G  E.  137 

In,spect,    to  look  into.      Specio,  spectntn,  to  see. 
Re,spect,    to  look  back  on  with  pleasure. 
Circum,spect,    to  look  around  ;  prudent. 
Sus,pect,    to  mistrust ;  a  looking  under. 
circum-intro-retro-rein-superin-In,spect-ion. 
in-pro-disre-re-uncircum-Circum,spect. 

Lateral,    pertaining  to  the  side.     Lotus,  a  side. 
bi-col-eq'4-multi-tri-uni-Latcral. 

Petalous,    having  petals  ;  flower  leaves. 

a-bi-mono-penta-poly-tetra-tri-Petalous. 

Project,    to  cast  forward  ;  to  shoot  forward  ;  to  put  out. 

Jado,  to  throw  or  cast ;  pro,  forward. 

ab-de-in-inter-ob-sub-e-re-Pro,ject-ion. 

unde-unob-unre-unsub-une-unin-unpro-Pro,jected. 
Atjtenuate,   to  make  thin,  or  less  viscid. 

Ex,tenuate,   to  lessen,  as  the  guilt  of  a  crime. 

ex-At,tenuate-ed-ing-ion.     unat^ed. 
Anti,p'odes,   those  whose  feet  are  opposite  to  ours,  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  earth.     Pons,  a  foot. 

A,p''odes.     Poly,pus.     Tri,pod.     Hexa,pod.    Deca,pod. 

Com,plicate,    to  fold  together  ;  to  be  complex  ;  entangled. 
Im,plicate,    to  infold,  or  involve,  as  in  crime. 
*^x,plicatc,    to  Mwfold,  or  to  explain.     Plica,  to  fold. 
ex-im-tri-condu-redu-du-Com,plicate-ion. 

Con,fluence,    a  flowing  together  ;  the  junction  of  rivers. 

Fluo,  to  flow  ;  con,  together. 

Afjfluent,    a  flowing  to,  as  in  wealth  ;  abundant. 

af-re-circum-Con.fluence,  Con,fluent. 
Dis,pel,    to  scatter  by  force.     Pello,  pulsum,  to  drive. 

Com,pel,    to  force,  or  constrain  ;  to  necessitate. 

com-ex-pro-re-Di.s,pel,  Dis,pulsion,  Dis,pulsive. 

12* 


138  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

De,spond,   to  be  cast,  down  ;  to  fail  in  spirits. 

DesponJ-ing-ingly-ent-ence-ency.  [persons. 

Dialogue,    a  conversation  ;  a  piece  spoken  by  two  or  more 
Prorogue,    a  piece  spoken  before  a'  drama  or  play. 
Epi-logue,    a  piece  spoken  after  a  drama  or  play. 
Deca,logue,   the  ten  commandments. 
deca-epi-mono-pro-Dia,logue.     Loquor,  to  speak. 

Ex, elude,    to  shut  out  from.      Claudo,  to  shut ;  ex,  out  from. 

Con, elude,    to  infer  from  ;  to  determine  ;  to  finish. 

Se, elude,    to  separate  from.     Pre, elude,    to  debar. 

con-in-pre-se-Ex, elude.  Ex, elusion,  Ex, elusive. 
Ex,tort,    to  wrest  from  by  force.    Torqueo,  to  twist;  ca:,  from 

DiSjtort,   to  twist  out  of  shape.     Con,tort,   to  writhe. 

con-dis-Ex,tort-ed-ion.     unex^ed.     undis^ed. 
In, scribe,    to  write  in,  or  on.      Scribo,  scriptufn,  to  write. 

Pre,scribe,    to  direct.     De,scribe,    to  represent. 

As,cribe,  to  impute  to.     Trans,cribe,    to  copy  out. 

circum-de-pre-sub-a-  )  .    . 

y  In,scribe-ed,  In,scription. 
inter-super-tran.  ) 

post-tran-Manu, script.     Nonde,script. 
In,voke,    to  call  upon  ;  to  implore.      Voco,  to  call. 
Re,voke,    to  call  back  ;  to  reverse  ;  to  annul. 
Pro,voke,    to  call  forth,  as  anger  ;  to  offend. 
Con,voke,    to  call  together  ;  to  summon  to  meet. 
con-pro-re-In,voke-ed-ation.     unpro^ed-ing. 

As, sign,    to  sign  over  to  ;  to  transfer  to  another. 

Con,si gn,    to  give  in  charge  to  another. 

re-recon-precon-As,sign-ed.     As,sign-ment. 

unas-misas-under-un-Con, signed.      Con,sign-ment. 
Con,vene,    to  come  together.      Vmio,  to  come. 

contra-inter-super-Con,vene,  Con,ventiou. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  139 

De,cline,    to  lean  downward  ;  tendency  to  decay;  to  refuse, 

In,cline,    to  lean  toward  any  object ;  to  be  disposed. 

Re,cline,    to  lean  back;  to  lean  sidewise. 

disin-in-re-De,cline-ed-ing-ation.     unde^ahle. 
De,bark,   to  go  from  on  board  a  ship  or  boat. 

Em, bark,    to  go  on  board  a  ship  or  boat. 

reeni-disem-em-De,bark-ed-ation. 
Ex,hibit,    to  present  to  view.     Habeo,  to  hold  ;  ex,  out. 

In,hibit,    to  hold  in,  or  restrain  ;  to  hinder. 

PrOjhibit,    to  hold  before,  or  prevent ;  to  forbid. 

pro-in-Ex-hibit-ed-ing-ion.     unex^ed 
In,spire,    to  draw  in  the  breath ;  to  infuse  into  the  mind. 

Spiro,   to  breathe  ;  in,  in. 

Ex,pire,   to  throw  out  the  breath  from  the  lungs  ;  to  die. 

Re, spire,    to  inhale  air  into  the  lungs  ;  to  breathe. 

ex-re-rein-In,spire-ed-ing-ation.     unin^ed. 
Per,spire,    to  sweat ;  to  emit  fluids  of  the  body  through  the 
pores  of  the  skin.     From  spiro  and  per. 

Con,spire,   to  breathe  together  ;  to  unite  in  a  plot. 

As,pire,   to  aim  at,  or  desire.     Trans,pire,   to  happen. 

a-tran-con-Per,spire-ed-ing-ation.     unper^ahle. 

Pre,vent,    to  come  before  ;  to  hinder.      Veriio,  to  come. 
In,vent,    a  coming  into  the  mind  ;  to  find  out. 
in-Pre,vent-ed-ing-ive-ion.     ww^re^ed-able. 

[m,port,    to  bring  in  from  another  country,  as  goods. 
reex-ex-trans-Im,port-ed-ation.     u/iex^ed. 

ACjClaim,    a  shout  of  joy.      Clamo,  to  cry  out. 

Ex, claim,    to  cry  out.     Pro, claim,    to  utter  openly. 
De,claim,    to  speak  an  oration.     Dis, claim,    to  deny. 
Re, claim,    to  call  back,  as  from  error. 
de-dis-ex-pro-re-Ac,claim,  Ac,clamation.     unrej&d. 


140  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ap,peal,   to  refer  to  the  decision  of  another. 

Re,peal,    to  revoke  ;  to  annul,  or  abrogate. 

re-Ap,peal-ed-er-ing-able.     wnre^ed.     iVre^able 
AcjCident,    falling  to  ;  happening  by  chance. 

In,cident,    falling  hi ;  casual.      Cado,  to  fall. 

in-Ac,cident-al-ally.     coin^.     incoin^. 
ASjCend,    to  go  up.     De,scend,    to  go  down.     Scando. 

Conde,scend,    to  stoop  to  one  of  lower  rank. 

conde-de-rea- A  ,scend-ed-ing.     conde-rea- A,scension 
AsjSume,   to  take  upon  one's  self.     Sumo,  to  take. 

RcjSume,    to  take  back.     Pre,sume,    to  suppose. 

pre-re-reas-As,sume-ed-ing,  A  s,sumption. 
Con,spicuous,    clearly  seen.      Specio,  to  see. 

Per,spicuous,    clear  to  the  understanding. 

imper-per-incon-Con,spicuous-ly.     unc.on^. 

Demo,c'racy,    a  government  by  the    people. 
Cratos,  power  ;  demos,  Ihe  people. 
auto-aristo-theo-Demo, curacy,  Demo,cratic-al. 

De,trude,  to  thrust  down.  Trudo,  to  thrust ;  de,  down 
Pro,trude,  to  thrust  forth,  Ol),trude,  to  thrust  on. 
ex-in-ob-pro-De,trude-ed-ing,  De,trusion. 

In,here,    to  stick  in  ;  to  be  fixed  in.     Haereo,  to  stick. 
co-ad-In,here-ent-ence-ency.     co-ad-In,hesion. 
inco-co-inad-ad-In,hesive-ly.     unad^. 

Im,pulse,    force  impressed  ;  sudden  effort.     Vdlo,  to  drive. 
Re,pulse,    to  drive  back.      Ap,pulse,    to  drive  against. 
ap-pro-re-retro-Im,pulsion,  Im,pulsive. 

Im, plicate,    to  blame.     Sup,plicate,    to  implore. 

Ex,plicate,    to  unfold.     Com,plicate,    to  involve. 
Plico,    to  fold  ;  to  wind,  or  roll  together. 
com-du-ex-sup-Im,plicate-ed-ion.     uncomjdHi, 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  141 

SECTION  XXXIX. 

THE    SAiME    EXERCISE    CONTINUED. 

Charm,  or  Be, charm,   to  fascinate  ;  secret  influence. 

De, charm,   to  remove  the  charm. 

counter-de-be-Charm-ed-ing.     wn^ed-ing. 
Compact,    closely  united  ;  an  agreement. 

Compact-ly-ness.     in^.-ed.     un^ed. 
Criminate,    to  charge  with  crime.      Crimen,  crime. 

Re,criininate,    to  charge  back  with  crime. 

re-Criminate-ed-ing-ion.     un^ed. 
Engage,   to  promise,  or  to  bind  one's  self. 

dis-pre-re-Engage-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed. 

Habitation,    a  residence  ;  place  of  abode. 

COjhabit,    to  live  together.     In,habit,    to  dwell  in, 

Habit-Ation-able.     Co,habit-ed-ing-ation. 

In,habit-ed-ing-able-ant-ancy.     rein^ed,     uninjdd. 
Monition,    a  warning.     Mo7ieo,  to  warn. 

pread-ad-pre-Monition,  Monitory. 
Opinion,  judgment  formed  by  the  mind. 

mis-pre-self-Opinion.      Opinor,  to  think. 
Possess,    to  have  just  title  to  hold,  or  occupy. 

dis-pre-re-Possess-ed-ing-ion.     ww^ed-ing. 

Prison,    a  place  in  which  to  confine  criminals. 
Im, prison,    to  put  in  prison  ;  to  confine. 
re-Im,prison-ed-ing-ment.     un^ed.     nnim^ed. 

Sphere,    an  orb,  or  globe  ;  circuit  of  motion. 

semi-hemi-Sphere-ic-ical.     in^.-ed.     «n^.-ed. 

Science,    knowledge.      Scio,  to  know. 
Scientific,    well  versed  in  science. 
pre-omni-Scicnce.     un-Scientific-al-ally. 


142  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Venture,  or  x'Vd,venture,    to  risk,  or  hazard, 

ad-Venture-ed-ing-some-ous-ously.     unadjins. 

AbjScind,    to  tear  or  rend  off.      Scindo,  to  tear. 
ExjScind,  and  Inter,scind,    to  cut  off. 
ex-inter- Ab,scind-ed-ing.     uriex^ed. 

As,perse,    to  bespatter  with  false  charges  ;  to  slander. 
Inter,sperse,    to  scatter  among.      Spargo,  to  scatter. 
di-inter-A,sperse-ed-ing-ion.     undi^ed. 

ASjSociate,    to  unite  in  company  ;  a  companion. 

Con,sociate,    to  unite  together.     Dis,sociate,   to  part 
con-dis-disas-As,sociate-ed-ion.     unasked. 

Bi,sect,    to  cut  into  two  parts.     Secto,  to  cut. 
dis-inter-Bi,sect-ed-ing-ion.     unbi^ed. 

Con, cur,    to  agree  ;  to  run  together.      Curro,  to  run. 
Re, cur,    to  return,  as  thought  to  the  mind.  - 
re-Con, cur-rent-rence-rency-ring.     See  Rule  6th 

Con,vulse,    to  shake  ;  to  agitate.      Velio,  to  pull. 
Con,vulse-ed-ive-ively-ion.     uncon^ed. 

Com,pose,    to  place  together.     Pono,  to  place. 

Ex,pose,   to  lay  open.     De,pose,   to  put  down. 

de-ex-Com,pose-ed-er-ing-ition-itor.     uticom^ed. 
Dis,pose,    to  place,  or  to  put  in  order ;  to  incline. 

Im,pose,    to  place  on.     Op,pose,    to  stand  against. 

im-op-Dis,pose-ed-er-ing-ition.     indis^ed. 

Pro, pose,    to  place  before  ;  to  offer.     Re,pose,  to  lie  at  resl 
Sup, pose,    to  place  under  consideration  ;  to  imagine. 
re-sup-Pro,pose-ed-er-ing-al-ition.     unproved. 

Re,spect,    esteem  ;  due  attention,      Spccio,  to  look. 

Re,spect-ful-fully-ablc-ability-ably-less.     disr  ejui-fully. 
Sur,vive,    to  outlive.     Re,vive,    to  return  to  life. 

re-&ur,vivB-ed-ing-al.      VivOf  to  live. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  143 

Act,    to  put  forth  power  ;  to  demean,  or  behave  ;  any  thing 
done.     Ago,  actum,  to  do,  or  to  set  in  motion. 

En, act,    to  make,  as  laws.     Trans, act,    to  do  business. 

counter-over-reen-en-trans-  A  ct-ed-ing-ion. 

retro-sub- Action.     Inact-ive-ively-iveness-ion. 
Cede,    to  yield  ;  to  give  up.      Cedo,  to  give  place. 

PrOjCeed,    to  move  forward.     Suc,ceed,    to  move  after. 

Con,cede,    to  admit.     Inter, cede,    to  mediate. 

Ac, cede,    to  agree  to.     Se,cede,    to  withdraw. 

con-inter-re-ac-se-Cede-ed-ing,  Cession. 

Form,    external  shape  ;  to  shape.     Forma,  form. 

bi-equi-mal-multi-omni-uni-Form. 

Con,form,   to  make  like.     Trans, form,   to  change. 

re-trans-mal-mis-Con,form-ation.     ufieonjihle. 
Fix,    to  make  stable  ;  to  put  in  order.     Fixnm,  fixed. 

Af,fix,   to  fix  to.     In, fix,   to  fix  in.     Trans, fix,  to  pierce. 

af-in-post-pre-suf-trans-un-Fix-ed.     Fix-edly-edness. 

Join,    to  connect ;  to  combine.     Jungo,  to  join. 

mis-re-recon-con-read-ad-Join-ed-ing.     un^ed. 

con-ad-dis-inter-sub-Join,  Junction,     recon^.-ed. 
Ef,ficient,    causing  effects.     Suf,ficient,    enough. 

De,ficient,    wanting.     Pro,ficient,    progressing. 

de-ef-pro-insuf-selfsuf-Suf,ficient,  Suf,ficiency. 
Prove,    to  try  any  thing;  to  experience.     Probo,  to  prove. 

Ap,prove,    to  commend.     Re,prove,    to  rebuke. 

Im,prove,    to  make  better.     Dis,prove,    to  refute. 

disap-ap-dis-im-re-Prove-ed-ing.     misim^.-ed-raexiX. 

uuap-unim-unre-un-Proved.     Ap,prove-ingly. 

Solve,    to  explain  ;  to  loosen.     Dis,solve,    to  melt. 
Ab, solve,    to  free  from.     Re, solve,    to  determine. 
ab-dis-re-Solve-ed,  Solution.     Solve,  to  loose. 


144  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Exjternal,    outward ;  exterior.     In,ternal,   inward ;  interior. 
E,ternal,    endless ;   immortal.     e-i-n-Ex,ternal-ly. 

Mix,    to  mingle  together  ;  to  blend.     Miaceo,  to  mingle. 
com-inter-Mix-ture.     uninter-mi-Mixed. 

In,gress,    a  going  in.    Trans,gress,  to  cross  or  break  a  law 
Ag,gress,    to  go  against  first ;  to  attack,  or  assail. 
ag-di-e-pro-re-trans-In,gress-ion.      Gresaus,  going. 

In,volve,    to  roll  in,  or  to  envelop;  to  imply,  or  comprise; 
to  blend,  or  mingle.      Volvo,  to  roll ;  m,  in. 
con-circum-e-de-re-ln,volve,  ln,yolution.     disin^.-edt.. 

Per,sist,   to  stand  through,  or  to  persevere.     Sto,  to  stand. 
Sub,sist,   to  stand  under,  or  to  support ;  to  live. 
Re,sist,   to  stand  against.     As,sist,   to  stand  to  ;  to  aid. 
8ub-Per,sist-ed-ence-ency.    as-Re,sist-ed-ing-ant-ance. 

Per,suade,   to  prevail   on ;    to   influence   by  argument,   or 
entreaty.     Suadeo,  to  persuade. 

mis-over-Persuade,  Persuasion,     overbed,     t/n^ed. 
Per,spective,   looking  through.    Specio,  to  see  ;  per,  through. 

pro-retro-Per,spective-ly.     intrOj^Aon. 

Super,vise,   to  oversee.     Video,  to  see  ;  super,  over. 

Re,vise,    to  review  ;  to  reexamine. 

re-Super-vise-ed-ing-ion.     unre^ed. 
Soli,v''agant,  wandering  alone.      Vagans,  wandering. 

extra-multi-nocti-Soli,v^agant. 

Sym,pathy,   pity  ;  fellow  feeling  ;  compassion. 
Pathos,  feeling  ;  sr/m,  for  sun,  with. 
a-anti-mono-eu-Sym,pathy.     Sym,pathy-ize-izing. 

Sym, phony,   harmony  of  sounds  agreeable  to  the  ear. 

eu-Sym,phony-ous-ously.     See  Rule  3d, 
Turn,   to  change  the  course  ;  to  move  round. 

re-Turn-eid-ing.     irre-able.     unr^^ed. 


^, 


BNGLISH     LANGUAGE.  145 

\n,noimce,   to  publish  ;  to  proclaim ;  to  give  notice. 

Pro.nounce,    to  utter  words.     De,nounce,  to  threaten. 
de-pro-An,nounce-ed.     de-pro-x\njnunciation. 

Bene,v'olent,    kind  ;  wishing  well.      Fo/o,  to  will. 
male-Bene,v'ol-Ent-ently-ence.     t/zi^.-ly. 

Com,placent,   civil ;  softness  of  manners. 

Com,piac-Ent-entiy-ency.     Dis,placency,  is  incivility. 

'  De,plore,   to  lament.     Im,plore,   to  entreat. 

im-De,plor&-ed-ing-ingly.     pe,plore-able-ably. 

DiSjtill,   to  ^11  in  drops  ;  to  extract  by  heat. 
Dis,tiii-ed-ing-ery-ation.     Ex,till-ed-ation. 

Ex,plode,    to  burst  forth  with  violence  and  noise  ;  to  reject 
Dis,piode,    to  burst  asunder  with  force. 
dis-Ex,plode-ed-ing.     dis-Ex,plos-ion-ive.     unexfi^. 

Ex,pound,   to  explain.     Pro,pound,  to  propose. 

pro-Ex,pound-ed-er-ing.     wnea.\ed.     un^ro^^^, 
En,velop,   to  inwrap  ;  to  cover.     De.velop,   to  uncover. 

de-En,velop-ed-ing-ment.     undefid,, 

Efjface,   to  blot  out,  or  to  impair  an  impression. 
De,face,   to  mar  the  face,  or  surface. 
de-Ef,face-ed-ing-ment.     M/j^ed.     unde^eA. 

Judge,   to  examine  and  decide.     /wJea?,  a  judge. 
ad-mis-fore-pre-Judge-ed-ing-ment.     unad^^d.. 

Pre,varicate,   to  quibble  ;  to  evade,  or  pervert. 

DijVaricate,   to  part  into  two  branches  ;  to  open. 

di-Pre,varicate-ed-ing-ion.     Pre,varicate-or. 
R©,n^ovate,   to  renew.     In,novate,   to  make  change*. 

in-Il©^''ovate-ed-ing-ion-or,     Novus^  new. 

4c, cord  J  to  agree  to.     Con, cord,   fio  agree  with. 
con-dis-AUjCord-ant-ance.     Cvr,^^  keaiiu 

)8 


146  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Ar,rogate,    to  claim  to  one's  self.      Rogo,  to  ask  ;  ar,  t&, 
De,r^ogate,    to  take  from.     Ab,rog^ate,  to  repeal, 
ab-de- Ar,rogate-ed-ing-ioii .     De,rogatory-ly. 

Con,fess,    to  acknowledge.     Pro,fess,  to  avow  openly. 

pro-Con,fess-ed-ing-ion.     Dispro,fess,    to  renounce. 
De,tect,    to  micover,  or  find  out.     Pro,tect,    to  defend. 

pro-De,tect-ed-or-ion.     U7jde^ed.     Jinpro^ed. 

Dif,fident,    wanting  confidence  ;  bashful ;  reserved. 
Con,iident,  having  full  belief;  positive  ;  bold. 
con-Dif,fid-Ent-ently-ence.     over-Confident.;; 

Im,pugn,    to  contradict ;  to  blame.     Op,pugn,    to  oppose. 
,op-Im,pugn-ed-er-ing.     Im,pugn-er.     unim^ed. 

In,flict,    to  lay  on,  as  a  punishment.     Fllgo,    to  beat. 

Af,flict,   to  put  to  pain.     Con,flict,  a  collision  ;  a  combat 
af-In,ilict-ed-ing-ion-ive.     unaf^ed. 

In,sert,    to  set  in  among.      Stro,  to  sow,  or  plant. 
inter-rein-In,sert-ed-ing-ion.    unin^ed. 

In,tricate,    entangled  ;  involved  ;  perplexed. 
Ex,tricate,    to  disentangle  ;  to  freo  from. 
In,tricate-ly-cy.*     Ex,tricate-ed-ing-ble-ion. 

Pre, side,    to  be  set  over.     Re, side,    to  abide,  or  dwell, 
re-  Pre,side-ed-ing-ent-ency.     Nonre,s'ident, 

Re,strict,    to  confine  within  bounds  ;  to  limit. 

Con, strict,    to  bind  together.      Stringo,  to  bind. 

con-Re, strict-ed-ion.     unrejed. 
Sub,scquent,    following  in  time  or  order.      Sequor,  to  follow 

Con,sequent,   following  as  a  natural  effect ;  an  effect. 

con-Sub,sequ-Ent-ently-ence.     Con,sequent-ial-ially. 
Sur,plus,    an  excess  of  any  thing.     Ov"er,plus,  what  remains. 

^■M       ■      I     I       »,  — .         I  .  ,1  ,^|  ■  -  I.  ■■■ —    -    ....    —        ■_  ■■_■  ,.      ,  .    -     —  _ -  .  .11  ■  I     W 

*  Sefie  Rule  gth. 


\ 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGB.  147 

SECTION  XL. 

PRIMITIVES    HAVING    AN    INSEPARABLE    PREFIX    CONTINUED. 

Ally,    to  unite  by  treaty  ;  to  form  a  union. 

mis-Ally-ed-ing-ance.     wn^ed.      See  Rule  3d. 

Caution,    to  warn  ;  to  give  notice  of  danger  ;  care. 

pre-Cau-Tion-tioned-tionary-tious-tiously. 

tn^tious-tiously.     wnjious.     ouer^tious. 
Con,stant,    fixed  ;  steady.     Sto^  to  stand  ;  con^  with. 

Circum,stances,    condition  ;  state  of  things. 
De,test,    to  abhor.     Pro,test,    to  declare  against. 

pro-De,test-ed-ing-ation.     unJe^ed.     uniirojt^. 
Distinct,    different ;  separate  in  place. 

in-Distinct-ly-ness-ion.     contra^on, 
Ex,trinsic,    external,     In,trinsic,   internal.     injuMy. 
Honor,    to  revere,  or  esteem ;  dignity ;  exalted  rank. 

dis-Honor-ed-able-ably.     wn^ed.     midiSj^ed. 

Noble,  great ;  exalted  ;  generous.  Nobilis,  noble. 
En,noble,  to  make  noble  ;  to  make  illustrious. 
disen-en-ig-Noble.     Noble-y-ness.     ending.  , 

Office,    a  charge  ;  a  particular  duty,  or  business. 

Officious,    intermeddling  with  ;  forward  in  kindr  ess. 

Officiate,    to  perform  the  official  duties  of  an  office. 

Office-er-ial-ially-iate-ious-iously.     wn^ially-ous-ously. 
Organ,    that  through  which  something  is  done. 

Organize,    to  adapt  parts  to  each  other  ;  to  systemize. 

Dis,organize,    to  derange  the  parts  ;  to  make  confusion. 

dis-re-Organize-ed-er-ing-ation.     wn^ed. 
Promise,    to  pledge  one's  self ;  a  pledge  ;  assurance. 

Com,promise,    a   mutual   promise,   or    contract  of  two 

Prcmis'c-etl-ing-or-e^.     combed,     vneom^ed.        [parties. 


148  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

Al,lude,    to  refer  to.     Col,lude,   to  conspire  in  a  fraud. 
De,lude,    to  deceive.      E,lude,   to  evade.     Il,lude,   to  mock. 
col-de-e-il-Ai,lude-ed-ing.     col-de-e-il-Al,lus-ion-ive. 

Ex,tend,    to  stretch  in  any  direction  ;  to  expand  ;  to  spread. 

Ex,tend-ed-ing.      Ex,tensive-sively-siveness-tion. 

Disjtend,    to  dilate,  or  spread.      Dis,tend-ed-ing. 

At,tend,    to  direct  the  mind  to.     At,tend"-ed-ant-ance. 

Con,tend,    to  strive  against.     Con,tend-ed-er-ing. 
De,fer,    to  put  off;  to  yield  in  opinion.     Fero^  to  bear. 

De,fer-red-rer-ring-ence.*     See  Rule  6th. 
Re,fer,    to  appeal  to.     Re,fer-red-ring-able-ence. 

In,fer,    to  draw  from.     Con,fer,    to  consult. 

con-in-Re,fer-red-ring-ence.     iinrcjedi.     7ni.sin^. 
Difjfer,    to  disagree.      Dif,fer-ed-ing-ent-ence-ential. 

Of,fcr,    to  bring  before.     Of,fer-ed-ing.     nnof^ed. 

Prof,fer,    to  offer  for  acceptance.      Prof,fer-ed-ing. 

Suf,fer,    to  undergo,  as  pain.     Suf,fer-ed-er-ance-able 
Pre,fer,    to  regard  fi'sf,  as  more  worthy,  or  better. 

Pre,fer-red-ring-ence-ment-able-ably. 
Ap,prehend,    to  take,  or  seize  ;  to  understand  ;  to  fear. 

Ap,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Com.prehend,    to  contain  ;  to  include  ;  to  understand. 

Com,prehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
Ex,terminate,    to  put  an  end  to  ;  to  destroy. 

Ex,terminate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory.     U7i^ed. 

Ponder,  to  muse,  or  weigh  in  the  mind.  Pondus.  [weigh 
Ponderous,  weighty ;  heavy.  Pre,ponderate,  to  out- 
Ponder-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-ance.     />re^ated-ating-ance. 

*      Solid,    hard  ;  firm  ;  sound.     Con,solidate,    to  make  solid. 
V         .      Solid-ness-ity-ify.     r<m^ate-ated-ation.     nnron^ed, 

> 

\    •  When  tli«  plwoB  ai  acdwit  ohaag«Be»  tiw  ooaicmant  is  not  doubkd. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAOB.  149 

Ap,preciate,    to  set  value  on.     De,preciate,    to  lessen  value. 

de-Ap,preciate-ed-ing-ion.     unapjcA.     unch^ed. 
AntijC^ipate,    to  take  before  ;  to  forestall.      Capio,  to  take. 

Parti,c^ipate,    to  share  in  common  with  others. 

parti-x\nti,c'ipate-ed-ing-ion.     iniantl^ed.     v/ipr/rtijug. 
Apo,gee,    that  point  of  a  planet's   orbit   farthest   from   the 
earth.     Peri, gee,   that  point  nearest  the  earth. 

De,p^recate,    to  regret ;  to  pray  against.     Precor,  to  pray.  > 

Im,precate,  to  pray  for  evil  on  ;  to  iavoke  evil. 

im-De,p^recate-ed-ing-ion.     de^ox-ory.     undc^ed. 
De,mise,    to  convey  by  lease,  or  will.     M/tf.o,  to  send. 

Re,mise,    to  give  back  by  deed  ;  to  release,     redc^.-ed, 
De,s^ultory,    leaping,  or  passing  from  topic  to  topic. 

Re, suit,    to  leap  back  ;  to  ensue.      'Salio,  to  leap. 

Re,sult-ed-ing.     De,s^ultory-ly-ness-ous. 

E,vince,    to  prove  in  a  clear  manner ;  to  make  evident. 
Con,vince,    to  satisfy  the  mind  by  evidence. 
Con,vict,    to  prove  guilty.      Vinco,  to  overcome. 
con-E,vince-ed-ible.      Con,vict-ed-ing-ion.     unconj&d. 

Epijdemic,    a  general  disease  on  the  people.     cpijiX. 
En,demic,    a  disease  in  certain  places.     eii^-aX. 

Ex,ecrate,    to  curse,  or  to  denounce  evil  against. 

De,s^ecrate,    to  divert  from  a  sacred  purpose. 

Con,secrate,    to  devote  to  a  sacred  purpose.    Sacer,  holy. 

de,s^-con,s  -Ex,ecrate-ed-ing-ion.     i/ncon^ed. 
Pro.lific,    producing  ;  productive.     Omni, Pic,   producing  all 

Pro,lific-al-ally-ation-ness.     unpro^.  [things. 

Re,p^rehend,    to  chide  ;    to  reprove,  or  blame. 

Re,p  reheud-ed.      Re,p'rehen-sive-sk)n.     mr^sible. 

SuCjCinct,    brief;   compressed.      Cingo,  to  gird. 

Pre,cinct,   the  limit,  or  bounds.     Suc,cinct-ly-ness. 

13* 


150  ANALYSIS     OF     THE 

AcjCuse,   to  blame,  or  to  charge  with  an  offense. 

Ac,cuse-ed-er-ing-ation-atory,     tmac^ed. 

ExjCuse,    to  free  from  blame.     Ex,cuse-ed-ing-able. 
A,vail,    to  effect  the  object.      Valeo,  to  be  strong. 

A,vail-ed-ing-able-ably-ability.     una^ing. 

Pre,vail,    to  overcome.   Pre,vail-ed-mg-mgly,  unprej.ng. 
ASjSent,    to  agree  to  ;  consent.      Scntio,  to  think. 

DiSjSent,    to  disagree  in  opinion  ;  difference  of  opinion. 

As,sent-ed-ing.     Dis,sent-ed-ing-er. 
At,test,    to  bear  witness  to.      Testis,  a  witness. 

At,test-ed-ing-or-ation.     wiat^ed. 

Con,test,    to  strive  with.     Con,test-ed-ing-able. 
Com,plex,    difficult ;  composed  of  two  or  more  parts. 

Com,plex-ity-ly-ness.     incom^.     Plexus,  twisted. 

Per,plex,    to  puzzle  ;  to  confuse.     Per,plex-ed-ing-ity. 

Com,plete,    to  finish,  or  finished.     Pleo,  to  fill. 

Re,plete,    full,  or  filled.     Re,plete-ion-ive. 
De,plete,   to  empty.     De,plete-ed-ing-ion-ory. 
De,flect,    to  turn  from  a  right  line.      Flecto,  to  bend. 
De,flect-ed-ing-ion.     Re,flect-ed-ion-ive-ively. 
In, fleet,   to  bend  in.     In,flect-ed-ion-ive. 

Ac,quire,    to  obtain,  or  to  gain.      Qucero,  to  seek. 
Ac,quire-ed-ing-ment.     unacjddi.     Ac,quisition. 
Re,quire,    to  ask  for  ;  to  exact.     Re,quire-ed-ment. 
In,quire,    to  ask  about.     In,quire-ed-ing-ingly. 

In,fuse,    to  pour  in;   to  instill,  as  principles. 

In,fuse-ed-ing-ion-ible-ibility.     rein^.     uninjed. 
Con,fuse,    to  mix  or  blend  things.     Con,fuse-ed-ion, 
Pro, fuse,    lavish.     Pro,fuse-ly-ness-ion. 

Dif,fusc,    to  pour  out  and  spread.     Dif,fuse-ion-ive, 
"^         Af,fusion,    a  pouring  on.     Ef,fusion,    a  pouring  out. 


>  OrnithoJ'ogy-ist-ical. 


ENGLISH     LANGUAGE.  151 

Astro,rogy,  the  science  which  teaches  to  judge  of  the  in- 
fluence of  the  stars,  and  foretell  future  events.  Lonos* 
a  word  or  discourse  ;  and  aster,  a  star,  or  astron,  a  con- 
stellation of  stars.  Hence^the  commori  ^finer  is,  The 
science  of,  or  the  discoursing  of;  which  must  be  joined 
to  the  import  of  each  prefix,  as  before  instructed. 
chrona-cosmo-geo-Astro,rogy-ist-ical. 
zoo-entomo-mytho-pyro-hydro- 
osteo-physio-chiro-theo- 

Bio,g'raphy,    the  history  of  the  life  and   character  of  any 

particular  person.     Gropho,  to  write ;  to  describe,  or  to 

engrave  ;  and  hio,  for  bios,  life.     Hence,  the  common 

de finer  is,  The  writing  of  or  describing. 

biblio-chrono-cosmo-geo-  )  . 

-     -        ,  >  Bio,g''raphy-er-ic-icaI. 

hydro-choro-topo-zoo-        ) 

Chrono,m^eter,    an  instrument  that  measures  time,  as  a  clock 
or  watch,  il/e/rww,  a  measure  ;  and  cArowo,  time.   Hence, 
the  common  definer  is,  An  iiistrument  for  measuring. 
hydro-helio-pyro-stereo-thermo-Chrono,m^eter. 

Homijcide,    the  slaying  or  killing  of  one  man  by  another. 

Cccdo,  to  slay,  or  kill ;  and  homo,  a  man.     Hence,  each 

prefix  denotes  what  is  slain. 

dei-fratri-infanti-matri-parri-  )  ^_      ... 

.  ,  >  HomijCide. 

sorori-sui-tyranni-regi-t  ) 

Steno,g'raphy,    the  art  of  writing  in  short-hand,  by  the  use 
of  characters,  &e. 
chiro-ortho-typo-Steno,g''raphy-er-ic. 

*  Tlie  pupil  should  learn  the  meaning  of  the  roots,  Logos,  Grapho, 
Metrum,  and  Gaido. 

j-  Dei,  implies  a  god ;  Fratri,  a  brother ;  Infanti,  an  infant ;  Matri,  a 
mother;  Parri,  a  parent;  Sorori,  a  sister;  Sui,  one's  self;  Tjranni,  a 
tyrant;  Regi,  a  king. 


152  ANALYiSH    OF    CHEMICAL    TERMS. 

SECTION  XLI. 

CHEMICAL    IMPORT    OF    CERTAIN    SUFFIXES    AND    PREFIXES. 

OXTGEN — is  a  permanently  elastic  invisible  fluid,  capable  of  producing 
acidity,  or  sourness,  such  as  in  vinegar. 

BASE — in  cbemistry,  denotes  any  substance  with  which  oxygen  cora- 
'bines  to  form  an  acid;  or  with  which  an  acid  combines  to  form  a 
salt 

oxYD- — is  a  compound  of  oxygen  with  some  base  destitute  of  aeid.^ 

ALKALI — is  a  substance  having  an  acrid  taste ;  as,  soda  and  potash. 

A  SALT — is  an  earth,  alkali,  or  metallic  oxyd,   combined  with  an  acid. 

10 — suffixed  to  the  name  of  an  acid,  denotes  it  to  contain  a  greater  por- 
tion of  oxygen,  than  when  it  is  suffixed  by  ous;  as,  nitric  acid,  or 
nitrows  ;  sulphuric,  or  sulphurows. 

HYPO — denotes  an  acid  containing  a  definite  portion  of  oxygen  below 
what  ic  or  ous  denotes  ;  as,  A^/pasulphur ic,  or  hT/posnlphnroiis. 

m  and  ate — denote  whether  it  is  an  acid  in  ic  or  ous,  which  forms  th« 
salt.  If  the  salt  is  mtrite,  the  acid  is  nitric;  but  if  the  salt  ia 
nitrate,  the  acid  is  mtro^cs. 

jUiT — denotes  a  compound  of  which  only  one  of  the  two  ingredients  is 
capable  of  being  made  acid,  but  was  'not  so  made  when  com- 
pounded with  the  other ;  as,  carburf^  of  iron. 

BETTED — denotes  a  compound,  both  of  whose  ingredients  are  capable  of 
being  made  acid,  but  were  not  so  made  when  compounded ;  as, 
c&rbnretted  hydrogen  gas. 

BUB — as  a  prefix,  denotes  less  of  the  acid,  or  an  excess  of  the  base  over 
the  acid ;  as,  subcarhonate  of  soda. 

SUPER — denotes  an  excess  of  the  acid,  over  the  base  ;  as,  supercarhoTiate 
of  soda. 

BT— denotes  two  parts  of  acid  to  one  part  of  the  base;  ^'^  bioarhonate 
of  soda,  hyper  and  super,  denote  an  excess  of  the  oxygen  over 
the  base  with  which  it  is  united ;  as,  hyperoxjdi,  or  supcroxjd. 

PRO— denotes  one  portion  ;  dcu,  two  portions ;  tri,  three  poi"u:->ns  ;  and 
per,  four  portions  of  oxygen  combined  with  some  base,  desti*  uto  of 
•oid  ;  as,  j>rotoxyd,  rfctitoxyd,  f  ritoxyd,  and  joeroxyd  of  manganese 


APPENDIX. 


No.  I. 

0E]nt:ral  and  special  rules  for  proxouxcinq  tiie 

english  language. 

The  following  Rules  are  deduced  from  the  composition  of  the  words  themselves, 
and  in  most  cases,  furnish  an  infallible  guide,  hy  which  to  determine  on  what 
syllable  the  main  accent  should  fall.  This  point  being  settled,  the  places  of  the  semi- 
accents  can  not  be  mistaken. 

The  pupil  must  remember,  that  penult  means  the  last  syllable  but  one  in  a  word; 
*nd  antepenult  the  last  but  two. 

It  is  believed,  that  a  careful  observance  of  these  rales,  will  not  only  contribute  to 
uniformity  in  pronunciation,  but  aid  in  settling  the  disputed  accent  of  many  words. 

I.     General  Rule.     Words  of  hvo  syllables,  the  Jirst  of  wliich  is  a 

separable,  or  inseparable  prefix,*  commonly  take  the  accent  on  the 

second ;  as,  de-base',  pro-claim' ;  but  if  the  Jirst  syllable  partakes  o* 

the  root,  the  accent  generally  falls  on  the  first ;  as  ur'-gent,  tal'-ent. 

Note. — This  rule  has  an  cxtonsive  application,  and  the  main  exceptions  are 
found  in  those  words  which  may  be  used  either  as  nouns  or  verbs.  When  used  aa 
nouns,  the  accent,  in  most  cases,  rests  on  the  first  syllable ;  as,  an  ex'-tract,  hia 
con'-duct ;  but  when  used  as  verbs,  tlie  accent  commonly  falls  on  the  second  ;  as, 
to  ex-tract',  to  con-duct'. 

Rule  1st.  All  words  of  one  syllable,  becoming  words  of  two  sylla- 
bles, by  adding  the  following  single  suffixes,  as  seen  italicised  in  the 
examples,  invariably  retain  the  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz. : 


SkTi'-ist 

hoj'-hood 

clear'-ance 

class'-ic 

dnke'-doin 

drunk'-arc? 

dark'-^Ti 

beast'-Zt/ 


fear'-fiol 
form'-al 
fool' -ish 
frail '-/y 
iarm'-er 
flux'-ion 
good'-ness 
hove'-less 


just'-ice 

\earn'-cd 

muss'-ive 

-peer'-age 

pomp'-oM« 

"pave'-ment 

press'-wre 

•per.n'-atc 


Bevv'-ant 
8ol\'-ent 
trn'-ism 
town'-sh  ip 
■  tire'-«07n<J 
team'-ster 
'Wedk'-inff 


*  For  the  definitions  of  a  separabla,  and  inseparable  prefix,  and  the  r90t  of  a  word, 
see  the  7th  and  9th  pages. 


134 


APPENDIX. 


Kule  2cl.  All  words  of  one  syllable,  becoming  -words  of  three  or 
four  syllables,  bv  the  addition  of  the  foljowiriij  combined  suffixe!?,  as 
italicized,  always  retain  the  primary  accent  on  the  first  syllable,  viz.: 


tici'-ivcly 

&ct'-v,ate 

act'-iveness 

hrnt'-alize 

cuvQ'-lessly 

clown'-ishly 

chWd' -ishness 

charm' -incfness 

cliiss'-ically 


faith' -fubicis 
iaW-fiable 
fawn'-ingly 
fix'-edness 
(axiM' -ily 
fai'-alism 
form' -alist 
fruit'-^r_y 
hard' -ened 


learn'-edly 

lo\e'4iness 

\oath' -somcne.fs 

lone'-somely 

lax'-ative 

'paj'-able 

\)Qa(ie'-ably 

jyomp'-ously 


change' -ablenesf;   ioy'-fully 


shaine'-lessness 

Bha(:^g' -edness 

sc&r'-ifymg 

sweet'-ening 

sens' •itively 

san'-ative7ies$ 

sens'-ibly 

tend'-ency 

Yevh'-ally 

dust' -iness 


pomp  -ousness 

Rule  3d.  All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ability, 
ibility,  ical,  ity,  or  dy,  have  the  2)ri7nary  accent,  invariably  on  the 
antepenult ;  as,  sens-i-bil'-i-ty,  e-co-noui'-ic-al,  cu-ri-os'-i-ty. 

Note. — When  two  vowels  come  toerethcr  in  wdrds  fnding  in  iiy.  the  one  und^r 
accent  is  always  Ions  ;  as  in  De'-:-ty.  If  orie  con'otianf  intfrvenf.  all  are  short  except 
u;  as  in  lev'-i-t}'.     If  two  consonants  intervem-,  u  is  short ;  as  in  curv'-i-ry. 

Rule  4th.  All  that  numerous  class  of  words  consisting  of  no  more 
than  three  syllables,  the  last  letter  of  which  is  ?/,  not  preceded  by  a 
vowel,  as  in  attorney,  nor  mute  e  before  ly,  as  in  profusely,  are  very 
imiformly  accented  on  the  first  syllable;  as,  fel'-o-ny,  ar'-te-ry. 

Rule  5th.  All  words  ending  in  tion,  sion,  ion,  cious,  tioux,  date, 
tiafe,  cient,  tient,  tial,  tin,  cian,  eial,  cia,  ceous,  geous,  gious,  and  geon, 
when  })ronounced  in  one  syllable,  invariably  take  the  primary  accent 
on  the  syllable  preceding  those  terminations ;  as,  con-fed-er-a'-tion. 
Nothing  but  ity  aftei*  al,  in  words  ending  in  ion,  ever  removes  the 
accent ;  as,  na'-tion,  na'-tion-al,  na-tion-al'-i-ty. 

Note. — When  the  above  terminations  are  preced^vl  by  n  rovve],  it  is  very  uni 
formly  long ;  as  in  lo-(jua'-ciou8,  unless  it  be  i,  which  is  as  uniformly  short ;  as  in 
am-bi'-tion. 

Rule  fith  ■ — All  words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  having  the  following 
terminations,  or  roots,  viz. :  crnry,  ga)tiy,  graphy,  logy,  machy,  nietry, 
noiinj,  phony,  ptifliiu  tomy,  thropy,  lysis,  ferozis,  gerous,  vorous,  always 
tak«  the  aceeut  ou  Uie  uutupduult ;  m, 


4P?ENBIX.  155 

a-naf'-o-nty  ge-og'-ra-pk^/  ihc-ol'-o-gy  Av-mig'-gr-out 

KYi-tip'-a-thy  de-moc'-ra-cy  po-ly5''-a-?«y  pes-tiy-er-ou* 

tiB-tTon'-o-my  gQ-om' re-try  Y>\\\-\?in'-ihro-py  aai'-niv'-or-otit 

ei-na.l'-y-sis  the-om'-a-chy  Bjm'-pho-ny 

Note. — No  change  in  the  above  terminatioiis,  as  astroiKimy  into  Ji*tronoraer, 
&.C.,  nor  any  addition  of  pretixes  or  suffixei,  except  cia7i,  ial,  and  ic,  ever  changei 
tlie  place  of  accent. 

Rule  7th.  All  -words  ending  in  i<:s,  politics  excepted,  are  accented 
©n  the  penult;  as,  op'tics,  me-chan'-ies. 

Rule'^th,  "Words  ending  in  ic,  when  a  s^fjix,  and  with  few  excep- 
tions when  otherwise,  are  accented  on  the  penult;  as,  dra-mat'-ic, 
*l-pha-bet'-ic. 

Note. — The  auffix  ic,  when  added  to  words  of  more  than  one  syllable,  alwayi 
changes  the  place  of  accent ;  as  in  meth'-od,  me-thod'-ic ;  except  in  six  cases  ;  as  in 
chol'-er-ic. 

Rule  9th.  All  words  of  two  syllables,  ending  in  If,  including  no 
other  vowel  in  the  same  syllable,  are  always  accented  on  the  first ;  as, 
cir'-cle ;  but  if  the  word  consist  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  accent, 
with  few  exceptions,  falls  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  re-cep'-ta-cle. 

Note. — The  suffixp.s,  able  and  ible,  never  fall  under*  thia  rule,  except  the  word 
a'-ble.  Words  of  two  syllables  frequently  add  r,  as  in  cob'-bler ;  but  never  change 
the  accent. 

Rule  10th.  "Words  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  ate,  with  a 
single  consonant  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  ate, 
including  cr  and  tr,  or  with  no  consonant  intervening,  take  the  accent 
on  the  antepenult ;  as,  fab'-ri-cate,  re-tal'-i-ate,  con -se-crate ;  but  if 
two  consonants,  other  than  cr  and  tr  intervene,  the  accent  is  on  th« 
penult;  as,  in-car'-nate. 

Note. — The  exceptions  are,  mag'-is-trate,  leg'-is-latc,  po'-teut-ate,  per'-e-grin-ate, 
and  a  few  words  always  known  by  the  doubling  of  I. 

Remark. — This  is  evidence  that  contemplate,  compensate,  and  such  words  of  dis- 
puted accent,  should  coine  under  the  rule  of  dovhle  consonants.  Words  in  ate  oft<*n 
(irop  e,  and  take  ion,  adding  a  syllable,  and  changing  the  accent ;  as,  cm'-u-late, 
em-u-la'-tion.     See  Rule  5. 

Rule  11th.  "Words  in  meni,  of  three  or  more  syllables,  ending  the 
penult  in  ize,  ish,  or  a  vowel,  take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult;  aa, 
ban'-ish-ment ;   but  if  the  penult  «nd  with  a  consoiiant,  mutd  e,  or  a 


136  APPENDIX. 

diphthong,  the   accent   rests   on   the  penult ;  as,   de-part '-ment,   coa- 
fine'-ment,  en-joy'-uient. 

Note. — Tho  exceptions  are  but  fsw,  and  easily  diptingfiiished.  Al,  ary,  and  ativey 
always  change  the  accent  to  ment ;  as,  al'-i-racut,  al-i-racnt'-ary. 

Riole  12th.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  able,  ible,  ably,  ihly,  and 
all  words  o^  four  syllables,  in  ablencss,  Ibleness,  are  accented  on  the 
Jirsi  ;  as,  mov'-a-ble,  blam'-a-ble-ness. 

Rule  13th.  All  words  in  the,  preceded  by  a  single  consonant,  by 
mp,  or  nc,  and  all  words  in  ive,  preceded  by>  or  c,  except  substantive 
and  adjective,  are  accented  on  the  penult ;  as,  il-lu'-sive,  re-ten'-tive, 
com-pre-heu'-sive. 

Rule  14th.  All  words  of  three  syllables  in  ary  and  cry,  except 
cft-na'-ry  and  va-ga'-ry,  are  accented  on  the  first;  as,  sal'-ft-ry, 
mem'-o-ry. 

NoTK. — Canary  and  vagary  ought  not  to  bs  exceptions. 

Rule  15th.  All  words  in  ary  and  ory,  preceded  by  s,  or  in  which 
tary  and  tory  are  preceded  byjs  or  c,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult; 
as,  per-sua'-so-ry,  j)er-eTT)p'-to-ry.  The  only  exceptions  to  this  rule 
are  ad'-ver-sa-ry,  and  five  others,  doubling  a ;  as,  prom'-is-so-ry.  All' 
other  words  of  four  syllables  only,  in  this  class,  are  accented  on  the 
first ;  as,  mon'-i-to-ry. 

II.     General  Rule.     Two  methods  for  finding  the  accented  syllable 

in  all  words  of  more  than  three  syllables,  in  ive  or  able  ;  and  of  more 

than  four  in  ary  and  ory.     1st.  The  accent,  very  imiformly,  rests  on 

the  first  syllable  of  the  root ;  as,  co^? -furm'-able.     If  a  single  letter  of 

the  root  unites  with  a  prefix,  or  tliat  letter  is  doubled  for  euphony,  it 

usually  carries  the  accent  with  it ;  as,  pr(?d'-i-ca-ble.     2d.  When  the 

words  of  these  terminations  are  accurately  divided  into  their  proper 

syllables,  according  to  the  established  rules  of  syllabication,  tlie  accent^ 

with  very  few  exceptions,  falls  on  the  first  syllable  ending  with  a  corv 

sonant,  and  preceding  those  terminations  ;  as,  co-tom'-po-ra-ry. 

Note. — Nearly  all  ■the  exceptions  to  this  secouil  nn  tluxl,  are  words  in  which  the 
antepenult  syllable  ends  in  on,  or,  it,  er,  or  ni'tru ;  as,  par'-don-a-ble,  hab'-it-a-ble, 
con-fed' -er-a-tive,  &c. 

Rule  16th.  All  words  of  more  tha!i  two  syllables  in  fy,  invariably 
take  the  accent  on  the  antepenult;  at^,  g'o'-ri-fy,  per-son'-i-fy. 


APPENDIX.  157 

Rule  17th.  "Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  oms,  having  a  singh 
consonant  between  the  vowel  of  tlie  penult  syllable  and  ous,  or  with 
no  consonant  intervening,  are  accented  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  par-si- 
mo'-ni-ous ;  but  if  two  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  is  on  the  penult; 
as,  tre-men'-doiis. 

Note. — The  exceptions  do  not  exceed  twelTs  words  ;  two  of  which,  ca-no'-roua 
and  so-no'-rou9,  ought  not  to  be  included. 

Rule  18th.  As,  es,  is,  or  os,  preceding  ent,  or  ence,  as  the  last  sylla- 
ble, are  always  under  accent ;  as,  con-va-les'-cent. 

Rule  19th,  Words  of  three  or  more  syllables  in  ant,  ent,  ance,  and 
ence,  when  a  single  consonant  comes  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult 
syllable  and  the  vowel  in  the  final  syllable,  or  when  no  consonant  in- 
tervenes, are  accented  on  the  antepenult ;  as,  e-quiv'-a-lent ;  but  if  two 
consonants  intervene,  or  if  the  final  syllable,  or  penult,  contains  a 
diphthong,  the  accent  falls  on  the  penult;  as,  re-ful'-gent,  con-ven'-ient. 

Note. — The  exceptions  in  this  numerous  class  of  words  are  but  few.  Under  the 
first  clause  of  the  nile,  they  may  commonly  be  known  by  m,  r,  r,  or  i,  before  ant  or 
ent;  and  in  the  second  clause  by  9,  st.  or  II,  before  ant  or  tnt.  Al  and  ial  always 
bring  the  accent  to  ent;  as,  pa'-rent,  pa-rent'-al,  con'-se-quent,  con-se-quen'-tial. 

Remark. — Most  words  in  cy  are  derived  from  those  ending  in  ant,  ent,  ance,  ence, 
or  ate,  by  dropping  t  and  e  final^and  adding  y  or  cy ;  as,  ur'-gent,  ur'-gen-cy,  del'-i-cate, 
del'-i-ca-cy.     Cy  always  adds  a  syllable,  but  never  changes  the  accent. 

III.  General  Rule.  Words  of  more  than  two  syllables,  the  last  two 
letters  of  which  are  al,  an,  ar,  or  um,  having  but  one  consonant,  and 
oftentimes  none,  between  the  vowel  of  the  penult  syllable  and  tJiose 
terminations  are  very  generally  accented  on  the  antepenult;  as, 
ma-te'-ri-al ;  but  if  two  consonants  intervene,  the  accent  commonly  falls 
on  the  penult ;  as,  di-ur'-nal. 

Note. — The  terminadons  or,  al,  and  lar,  uniformly  accent  the  antepenult.  The 
main  exceptions  to  the  rule  are,  when  o,  «,  or  «,  precedes  those  terminations,  when  it 
usually  falls  on  the  penult ;  as,  i-de'-al. 

Rule  20th.  Words  of  three  syllables  in  ize,  ist,  ism,  are  uniformly 
accented  on  the  first ;  as,  le'-gal-ize.  But  if  the  word  consist  of  four 
or  more  syllables,  the  accent,  wiih  very  few  exceptions,  is  on  the  pre- 
antepenult ;  as,  par-tic'-u-lar-ize,  pres-by-te'-ri-an-ism. 

Note — The  exceptions  are  among  iuch  words  as  haTs  prstlxss  ;  as,  ex-tsm'-por-ize^ 
mo-nop'-o-lize,  marking  the  root  by  accent. 

14 


158  APPENDIX. 

Rule  21st.  "Words  of  more  than  two  syllables  in  ude,  are  accented 
on  the  antepenult ;  as,  lat'-i-tude,  de-crep'-i-tude. 

Rule  22d.  Words  of  three  syllables,  the  Jlrst  two  of  -which  are  pre- 
fixes, and  words  ending  in  dde,  are  very  uniformly  accented  on  the  last; 
as,  in-ter-cede',  lem-on-ade'. 

Rule  23d.  Words  ending  in  tcre,  with  few  exceptions,  take  the 
accent  on  the  first  s^^llable  of  the  root ;  as,  fig'-ure,  lit'-er-a-ture,  pro- 
cure', en-clos'-ure. 

Observation. — After  the  place  of  accent  has  been  found  in  the 
several  classes  of  words,  according  to  the  above  Rules,  thousands  of 
other  words  are  afterward  formed  from  them  by  the  use  of  the  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes.  Tlie  accent,  however,  as  Jirst  found,  is  seldom 
changed  by  any  suffixes  subsequently  added,  except  by  such  as  come 
under  Special  Rules. 

For  a  single  example  of  this,  take  a  word  in  ate,  coming  under  Rule 
10th  ;  as,  com-mu'-ni-eate  -ed-ing-ble-bleness-ive-ively-iveness-ory-ion- 
bility  ;  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the  accent  remains  unchanged,  till  ion  and 
bility  are  added,  when  it  is  removed  according  to  Rules  Sd  and  6th. 

In  a  few  instances,  the  addition  of  a  prefix  or  suffix,  throws  back  the 
first  letter  of  the  root  to  the  prefix,  and  with  it  the  accent ;  as,  pro'-bate, 
rep'-ro-bate ;  pre-fer',  pref-er-ence.  No  suffixes,  however,  change  the 
accent  after  it  is  fixed  by  ir  or  ous ;  as,  dra'-ma,  dra-mat'-ie,  dra-mat'- 
ic-al,  dra-mat'-ic-al-ly ;  rael'-o-dy,  me-lo'-di-ous,  me-lo'-di-ous-ly,  me-lo'- 
di-ous-ness. 


No.  11. 


ORIGIN    OF    SOME    OF    THE    PREFIXES    AND    SUFFIXES. 

The  greater  part  of  the  prefixes  in  the  English  language,  come  to  U8 
from  the  Latin  and  Greek.  In  those  languages,  they  are  separable,  or 
inseparable  prepositions.  Very  little  difference  exists  in  their  inde- 
pendent signification  and  conjunct  influence,  as  used  in  our  language, 
And  in  those  languages  whence  they  are  derived.  Tlieir  extent  of  ap- 
plication gives  them  a  commanding  influence.  Hence,  the  importance 
of  a  distinct  understanding  of  all  those  small  words,  so  extensively  ia- 
t«rwoven  ia  the  formation  of  our  dwivative  worda. 


APPENDIX.  159 

The  eufHxes  are  of  a  more  doubtful  origin ;  yet  their  common  im- 
port, as  appended  to  words,  can  be  obtained  with  sufficient  precision, 
to  answer  the  more  important  purposes  of  this  work.  Nor  is  it  very 
material  in  this  case,  whetlier  we  can  or  can  not  decide  unequivocally 
ou  their  origin,  provided  we  can  be  satisfied  how  their  application 
does  change,  altei',  or  modify  tlie  import  of  words,  according  to  estab- 
lished usage.  Although  such  inquiry  is  not  necessarily  connected 
with  this  work,  yet  we  will  give  some  general  view,  both  as  to  the  fact 
and  probability,  of  their  derivations. 

ER — Avhen  it  signifies  a  person,  as  in  lover,  farmer,  <tc.,  is  considered 
to  be  a  contraction  of  the  Saxon  wer,  which  signifies,  a  7)ian.  Hence, 
lover  implies  a  man,  or  person  who  loves. 

OR — is  derived  from  the  Latin.  £r  and  or,  go  far  in  distinguishing 
Saxon  and  Latin  derivations. 

iss — is  probably  of  Hebrew  origin ;  yet  many  derivatives  in  or,  from 
Latin,  take  ess,  to  distinguish  the  gender;  as,  actor,  actress,  generally 
dropping  the  vowel  which  precedes  r. 

Y — when  the  final  letter,  is  thought  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the 
German  ei,  and  gives  at  least  three  different  senses  to  words. 

1.  It  expresses  a  condition ;  as,  slave,  slaver,  slaver^/. 

2.  A  place  where  something  is  done  or  kept;  as,  factor,  factory; 
armor,  armory. 

3.  Tlie  possession  of  something ;  as,  weal,  wealth,  wealthy. 

LY — is  a  contraction  oi  like,  derived  from  the  German  '  lich.'  AVe 
say  either  death-like,  or  deathly;  god-like,  or  god/y;  but  we  always 
say  good/y,  and  war-Zt^-e. 

TY — is  derived  from  Latin  ;  as,  Y>\etas,  whence  pie^y ;  levifas,  levi/y  ; 
Berenitas,  serenity ;  civili^as,  civility. 

FY,  FCT,  Fic — ^liave  a  common  origin,  wliich  is  the  contraction  of  the 
Latin  verb  facio,  or  Jio,  to  make  or  become.  Fructi/y  is  a  con- 
traction of  fructus  and  facio,  to  make  fruitful ;  Dei/y,  of  deus  and 
fano. 

ABLE  and  iBLE — Home  Tooke  thinks,  are  taken  from  the  Gotliio 
word  '  abal,^  implying  povv'er,  strength,  or  ability. 

Able  and  ihle,  are  also  common  in  Latin. 

TiVE — is  borrowed  from  the  Latin  tivus ;  as,  Ji&,tivus,  native; 
uomiwdtivus,  nomiua^tive  ;  gaiiitivus,  jfnixitiite. 


160  APPENDIX. 

ic — is  a  contraction,  as  it  is  thought,  from  the  Greek  ikos ;  aa^ 
kritz/i;o.5,  critic.     Some,  however,  are  from  Latin  and  French. 

TioN,  8ION — are  derived  from  Latin,  and  in  many  instances  differ  in 
signification  very  little  from  'ing ;''  as,  in  educaf^on,  or  edncati^i^. 
When  the  Latin  supine,  whence  they  are  borrowed,  ends  in  turn-,  we 
spell  the  English  word  with  tion,  but  when  the  supine  is  sum,  we  spell 
it   sion  ;  thus, 

Lat.     Moifwm,  eonven^wm,  fonna^wm,  collec^wwi. 

En,      Motion,  convention,  formation,  collec^ioru 

Lat.     Ayersum,  submerswm,  incurs«?n,  adhesimi. 

JEn.      Aversion,  submersion,  incursion,  adhesion. 

Others  are  formed  from  Latin  noims,  by  the  addition  of  n,  to  the 
nominative  case;  as,  from  na^io  and  sta^ioj  we  thus  form  nation  and 
station. 

ANCK,  ")        Tliese  six  terminations  have  evidently  grown  out  of  the 

ENCE,       pres.  part.  nom.  case  of  Latin  verbs,  because  the  spelling  of 

ANCY,       each,  agrees  with  the  four  conjugations.     The  first,  with 

ENCY,       few  exceptions,  has  ance  ;  the  second  and  tliird,  ence ;  and 

ANT,         the  fourth,  ience.     Lat,  First  conj.  Affirmans,  accordant, 

ENT.     J    circuras^ans.     E7U  Affirmance?,  accordanci?,  circumstance. 

Lat.  Second  and  tliird  conj.     Tende?is,   agents,  arden«,  insolvent. 

En.    Tendency,  agency,  ardency,  insolve7Jct/. 

Lai.  Fourth  conj.     Audiens,  conveni<jns,  obedi<?ns,  experiena. 

En.    Audience,  convenience,  obedienc<?,  experience. 

Lat.  Dissonans,  dependens,  delinquens,  expedient. 

En.    Dissona7?i,  dependent,  delinquent,  expedient. 

This  fact,  if  duly  regarded  by  the  classical  scholar,  would  prevent 
any  mistakes  in  spelling  words  of  this  description. 

MENT  and  AGE — are  admitted  to  be  of  French  origin.  Ment,  is  ex- 
tensively used. 

ATE — Tliere  is  a  numerous  class  of  words  having  this  termination, 
which  in  form  exactly  agrees  with  the  Imp.  mode  of  Lat  verbs,  second 
person,  plural,  and  the  Lat.  perf.  part,  vocative  case;  yet  in  significa- 
tion, there  is  little  or  no  analogy.  It  is  now  an  English  termination, 
coimnon  to  words  of  Lat  derivation ;  as,  accelerate,  oblitera^  de- 
liberate, demoTistrrtie,  'accommodate,  <fec. 

D — In    such  words    as   multiplicand^  dividencZ,  subtrahftnc?,  legend^ 


i-PPENDIi.  161 

reverend^  <fec.,  is  eyidentl  j  a  contraction  of  the  Lat.  dux,  or  dum  ;  "aai| 
legeno?  for  legendus,  &c. 

ABLE — is  deriyed  from  the  Latin  habilis,  and  sometimes  spelled,  ible. 

EN — is  derived  from  the  Saxon  an,  through  the  German  en,  and  was 
originally  equivalent  to  our  particle  to,  of  the  infinitive  mode.  Among 
the  Saxons,  en  and  n,  were  used  in  common  with  ed,  as  participial  ter- 
minations ;  as,  cravere,  heaven,  barren ;  for  cvtixed,  heav^^  barred; 
both  are  retained  by  established  usage.  We  now  say  g\\en  instead  of 
gi\ed,  or  we  make  use  of  either ;  as,  engraven,  or  engraved ;  yet  by 
far  the  most  numerous  class  of  words  retain  ed  exclusively.  T  is 
often  used  like  en  for  ed  ;  as,  hwWt  for  buildec?. 

Ric — is  derived  from  German,  and  implies  possession  ;  as,  bishopric. 

DOM — is  from  the  German  thion,  implying  a  collection  of  things. 

IXG — is  taken  from  the  German  ung. 

LING  and  KIN — are  also  borrowed  from  the  German,  and  are  com- 
monly used  as  diminutives;  as,  duck^in^,  a  little  duck;  lambArm,  a 
little  lamb. 

HOOD — is  also  borrowed  from  German ;  as,  hojhood,  priest/tooc^ 
expressing  a  state  or  condition. 

BH — is  the  substitute  for  the  German  isch. 

SOME — probably  may  have  come  from  the  German  sa7n. 

FUL — is  derived  from  the  German  voll. 
'  LESS — is  also  from  the  German  los. 

ED — While  a  great  portion  of  our  verbs  derived  from  the  Saxon,  are 
very  irregular ;  as,  drink,  swim,  fling,  <tc. ;  those  of  Latin  origin  are 
pretty  uniformly  marked,  by  the  regular  addition  of  ed,  to  tlieir  im- 
perfect tense,  and  perfect  partici})le. 

SHIP — seems  to  be  borrowed  from  some  word,  implying  to  slmpe^  or 
do  something ;  as,  friends7^^;>,  fellowsAi;^,  &er 

NESS — is  doubtless  from  the  German  niss. 

AL — may  be  considered  of  Latin  origin. 

AR  and  CRY — are  also  derived  from  the  Latin. 

IZE,  1ST,  ISM — are  of  Greek  derivation. 

URE — is  from  the  Latin. 

UDE  and  TCDE — are  also  from  the  Latin.  , 

oiD — is  derived  from  the  Greek  eidos. 

ovs — is  taken  from  the  Latin. 


162  APPENDIX. 

]S"o.   III. 

A    FEW    WORDS    MORE    PARTICULARLY    ANALYZED. 

The  following  words,  of  Latin  and  Greek  derivation,  are  more  par- 
ticularly analyzed,  to  induce  the  pupil  to  a  further  examination  into 
the  structure  of  words  in  general.     Those  of   Greek  derivation,  are 
indicated  by  the  abbreviation,  gi'. 
Anniversary — is  from  annu^,  a  year  ;  and  versus,  a  turning,  or  returning. 

Hence  the  import,  returning  with  the  year,  or  a  yearly  celebration. 
Animadvert — is  from  vertus,  turning ;  animus,  the  mind ;  and  ad,  to. 

Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  &c. 
Apostate — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off;  and  stas,  standing.     Hence 

one  who  has  departed  from. 
Atmosphere — is  from  the  gr.  atmos,  vapor ;  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere 
Alphabet— is  from  the  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha  and  beta. 
Agriculture — is  from  ager  or  agri,  a  field ;  and  cultura,  tillage. 
Apode — is  from  the  gr.  a,  privative,  meaning  without;    and  pous,  a 

foot.     Whence   apode   is   without   feet,    like   a   fish.      Po^^/pode, 

antipodes. 
Apology — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off;  and  logos,  a  word. 
Blaspheme — is  from  the  gr.  blax,  nefarious  or   impious;!  and  pheini,  to 

speak. 
Conjugal — is  from  con,  with  or  together ;  and  jugum,  a  yoke;  meaning 

yoked  together,  .or  married. 
Constant,  Distant,  Circumstance — are  from  con,  meaning  together,  or 

with ;    di,   separated,   or   apart ;    circum,   around ;    and   stans,   is 

standing.     Hence,  constant,  is  standing  together,  or  fixed,  firm, 

steady,  (fee.     Distant,  standing  apart;  whence  it  implies  remote, 

reserved,   &,c.     So,   good  circumstances  is  being   surrounded  by 

every  thing  needful. 
Consequences,  Subsequent— are  from  con,  with  ;  sub,  under  or  after ; 

and  seguens,  following.     Tlien,  co?isequences  are  what  follow  in 

connection  with  ;  but  swiscquent  is  what  follows  after. 
Confident,  Diffident,  Infidel,  and  Perfidy — are  all  from  Jides  or  fidens, 

meaning  faith,  trust,  (fee.,  modified  by  the  j)refixes,  con,  dif,  in, 

and  per. 


APPEXDIX.  163 

Cataract — is  from  the  gr.  hata,  against ;  and  rasso,  to  dash. 

Concomitant — is  from  comes,  a  companion  ;  and  comes  is  from  con  and 
eo,    to   go   with.     Hence,   don   repeated,  implies   a  repetition  of 
meaning ;  as,  going  and  coming  together,  or  a  continued  union- 
Disease — is  from  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 

Dismal — is  from  malus,  evil ;  dies,  daj.     Hence,  dire,  horrid,  gloomj. 

Despise — is  from  specio,  to  look ;  de,  do"vvn,  as  with  contempt. 

Deeapolis — is  from  deca,  ten ;  polls,  a  citj. 

Desultory,  Insult,  Exult,  Result — are  from  d<f,  down  or  from ;  in,  in  or 
on ;  ex,  out ;  re,  again  or  back  ;  and  salio,  to  leap.  Hence,  desnl- 
tory,  is  leaping,  or  passing  abruptly  from  one  subject  to  another ; 
msult,  leaping  on,  or  gross  ^buse  ;  exult,  leaping  out,  or  excessive 
joy ;  and  result,  leaping  back,  or  a  consequence  following. 

Devious,  Previous,  Pervious — are  from  de,  from  ;  via,  the  way.  Hence, 
out  of  the  way,  or  wandering.  In  like  manner,  pre,  before  ;  and 
per,  by  or  through,  give  the  different  imports. 

Divide — is  from  the  obsolete  word,  viduo,  to  separate ;  di,  apart ; 
whence  we  derive  the  word  individual,  meaning  one  undivided 
person,  or  thing.  ^ 

Disaster — is  from  dis,  separation ;  and  the  gr.  astron,  a  star.  The  an- 
cients supposed  the  star  under  which  a  person  was  born  governed 
his  destiny  ;  hence,  disaster  comes  to  mean  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

Democrat — is  from  the  gr.  demos,  the  people;  and  kratos,  power; 
hence,  a  popular  government. 

Discrepancy — is  from  crepo,  to  crackle  or  jingle  ;  dis,  asunder ;  hence 
the  import,  disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling  asunder. 

Expedite — is  from  ex,  and  pedis,  a  foot ;  hence,  to  facilitate,  <fec. 

Epilepsy — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon ;  and  lambano,  to  leap ;  aa 
a  fit. 

Equivocate — is  from  equus,  alike  or  equal ;  and  vocaius,  called ;  whence 
the  meaning  becomes  doubtful ;  uncertain. 

Evidence — is  from  video,  to  see  or  discover ;  e,  out ;  hence,  to  elucidate. 

Epidemic — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon ;  demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  Affluent,  Superfluous,  and  Influence — are  all  from/«o,  to  flow, 
modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography — is  from  the  gr.  ge,  the  earth  ;  and  grapho,  to  write. 

Geometry — is  from  the  gr.  ge,  and  metreo,  to  measure. 


162  APPENDIX. 

Xo.   III. 

A    FEW    WORDS    MORE    PARTICULARLY    ANALYZED. 

The  following  words,  of  Latin  and  Greek  derivation,  are  more  par- 
ticularly analyzed,  to  induce  the  pupil  to  a  further  examination  into 
.the  structure  of  words  in  general.     Those  of    Greek  derivation,  are 
indicated  by  the  abbreviation,  gr. 
Anniversary — is  from  annua,  a  year  ;  and  versus,  a  turning,  or  returning. 

Hence  the  import,  returning  with  the  year,  or  a  yearly  celebration. 
Animadvert — is  from  vertus,  turning ;  animus,  the  mind ;  and  ad,  to. 

Whence  comes  the  meaning  to  consider,  <fec. 
Apostate — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off;  and  stas,  standing.     Hence 

one  who  has  departed  from. 
Atmosphere — is  from  the  gr.  atmos,  vapor ;  and  sphaira,  round  or  sphere- 
Alphabet— is  from  the  first  two  Greek  letters,  alpha  and  beta. 
Agriculture — is  from  ager  or  agri,  a  field ;  and  cultura,  tillage. 
Apode — is  from  the  gr.  a,  privative,  meaning  without ;    and  pous,  a 

foot.     Whence   apode   is   without   feet,    like   a   fish.      PoZypode, 

antipodes. 
Apology — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  or  off;  and  logos,  a  word. 
Blaspheme — is  from  the  gr.  blax,  nefarious  or   impious;'  andi  pheini,  to 

speak. 
Conjugal — is  from  con,  with  or  together ;  and  jugum,  a  yoke;  meaning 

yoked  togethei*,  .or  married. 
Constant,  Distant,  Circumstance — are  from  con,  meaning  together,  or 

with ;    di,   separated,   or   apart ;    circum,   around ;    and   stans,   is 

standing.     Hence,  constant,  is  standing  together,  or  fixed,  firm, 

steady,  (fee.     i)/stant,  standing  apart ;  whence  it  implies  remote, 

reserved,   &c.     So,   good  circum'&tixncQs,  is  being   surrounded  by 

every  thing  needful. 
Consequences,  Subsequent — are  from  con,  with;  sub,  under  or  after; 

and  sequcns,  following.     Tlien,  co?isequences  are  what  follow  in 

connection  with  ;  but  s«6sequent  is  what  follows  after. 
Confident,  Ditfideut,  Infidel,  and  Perfidy — are  all  from  Jides  or  Jidens, , 

meaning  faith,  trust,  tfec,  modified  by  the  prefixes,  co7i,  dif,  in, 

and  per. 


^  APPENDIX.  163 

Cataract — is  from  the  gr.  Jcata,  against ;  and  rasso^  to  dasli. 

Concomitant — is  from  comes,  a  companion  ;  and  comes  is  from  con  and 
«o,  to  go  with.  Hence,  ton  repeated,  implies  a  repetition  of 
meaning ;  as,  going  and  coming  together,  or  a  continued  union. 

Disease — is  from  dis  and  ease,  a  deprivation  of  ease. 

Dismal — is  from  mains,  evil ;  dies,  day.     Hence,  dire,  horrid,  gloomy. 

Despise — is  from  specio,  to  look ;  de,  down,  as  with  contempt. 

Decapolis — is  from  deca,  ten ;  polls,  a  city. 

Desultory,  Insult,  Exult,  Result — are  from  de,  down  or  from ;  in,  in  or 
on ;  ex,  out ;  re,  again  or  back  ;  and  sallo,  to  leap.  Hence,  rf«sul- 
tory,  is  leaping,  or  passing  abruptly  from  one  subject  to  another ; 
insult,  leaping  on,  or  gross  ^buse ;  exult,  leaping  out,  or  excessive 
joy ;  and  result,  leaping  back,  or  a  conseqxience  following. 

Devious,  Previous,  Pervious — are  from  de,  from  ;  via,  the  way.  Hence, 
out  of  the  way,  or  wandering.  In  like  manner,  pre,  before  ;  and 
per,  by  or  through,  give  the  different  imports. 

Divide — is  from  the  obsolete  word,  vidua,  to  separate;  di,  apart; 
whence  we  derive  the  word  individual,  meaning  one  undivided 
person,  or  thing.  ^ 

Disaster — is  from  dis,  separation ;  and  the  gr.  astron,  a  star.  The  an- 
cients supposed  the  star  under  which  a  person  was  born  governed 
his  destiny ;  henee,  disaster  comes  to  mean  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

Democrat — is  from  the  gr.  demos,  the  people;  and  kratos,  power; 
hence,  a  popular  government. 

Discrepancy — is  from  crepo,  to  crackle  or  jingle  ;  dis,  asunder ;  hence 
the  import,  disagreement  of  parts,  like  jingling  asunder. 

Expedite — is  from  ex,  and  pedis,  a  foot ;  hence,  to  facilitate,  <fee. 

Epilepsy — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon ;  and  lambano,  to  leap ;  aa 
a  fit. 

Equivocate — is  from  equus,  alike  or  equal ;  and  vocatus,  called ;  whence 
the  meaning  becomes  doubtful ;  uncertain. 

Evidence — is  from  video,  to  see  or  discover ;  e,  out ;  hence,  to  elucidate. 

Epidemic — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon :  demos,  the  people. 

Fluent,  Affluent,  Superfluous,  and  Influence — are  all  from  /wo,  to  flow, 
modified  by  their  prefixes. 

Geography — is  from  the  gr.  ge,  the  earth  ;  and  grapJw,  to  write. 

Geometry — is  from  the  gr.  ge,  and  metreo,  to  measure. 


164  APPENDIX. 

Infant — is  from  fari,  to  speat,  or  fans,  speaking;  and  in.  not ;  then  an 

mfant,  is  one  not  able  to  speak  or  use  language. 
Metropolis — is  from  the  gr.  meter,  a  mother;  and  jooZ?'s,  a  city. 
Monotony — is  fro;n  the  gr.  monos,  one'  OT  alone  ;'  and  ionos,  a  tone,  or 

sound. 
Manage — is  from  manns,  the  hand  ;  and  age,  from  ago,  to  do. 
Monopolize — is  from  the  gr.  monos,  alone  ;  and  poleo,  to  bny. 
l^Iancipate — is  from  manus,  the  hand;  and  capio,  to  take;  hence,  to 

enslave.    , 
Orb — is  from  orhis,  a  spherical  body ;  and  orbit,  is  the  curve  line  in 

which  it  moves ;  whence  exorbitant  is  derived,  and  means  depart- 
ing from  the  usual  track,  or  course. 
Order — is  from  ordo  ;  whence  extraordinary. 
Prophet — is  from  the  gr.  pro,  before  ;  and  jjhemi,  to  speak. 
Period — is  from  the  gr.  peri,  around ;  and  odos^,  a  way  or  road.     Then 

a  periodical  is  what  goes  the  rounds  at  stated  times. 
Providence — is  from  pro  and  videns,  seeing  before. 
Perigrinate— is  from   ager,  agri,  a  field;    and  hence  peregrinate,   to 

travel  through  the-  country. 
Pennsylvania — is  from  Penn,  the  name  of  the  founder ;  and  tglva,  & 

wood.  , 

Pedagogue — is  from  the  gr.  pais,  a  child  ;  and  agogos,  a  leader. 
Preposterous — is  from   posterus,  from  post,  after ;    and  pre,  before ; 

hence,  it  means  putting  that  first  which  should  be  last,  or  what  ia 

absurd. 
Repugnant — is  from  pugnans,  fighting;  re,  back;  hejice  opposite,  or 

contrary.  ' 

Roborant — is  from  rohir,  oak  of  the  hardest  kind,  and  means  strength- 
ening.    Hence,  cor  for  co7i,  makes  corroborate,  to  confirm. 
Sympathy — is  from  the  gr.  syn,  for  sun,  meaning  with ;   and  pathos; 

suffering  ;  then  sympathy  means  siifFering  with,  or  fellow-feeling ; 

apathy,  without  feeling;  anf/pathy,  opposition  of  feelings. 
Synopsis — is  from  the  gr.  siin,  and  opsis,  the  sight ;  hence  one  view- 
Synod — is  from  the  gr,  syn,  for  sun  ;  and  odos,  a  way  or  road. 
Supercilious — is    from    super,    above ;    cilium,  the   eye-brow ;   hence, 

haughty. 
Sincere — ia  from  sine,  without ;  cera^  wax;  hence,  unmixed,  or  pure. 


APPENDIX.  165 

Universe — is  from  vers7c.\  a  turning;  unus,  into  one;  a  collective  wliole. 

Vague — is  from  vafftis^  wandering  ;  extra,  beyond,  making  extravagant. 

Astrouoniy — is  from  the  gr.  nonios,  a  law ;  and  astron,  a  Star. 

Analysis — is  from  the  gr.  lusis,  a  loosing ;  ana,  again. 

Antipode — is  from  the  gr.  anti,  opposite  to ;  pous,  a  foot. 

Anatomy — is  from  the  gr.  tome,  cutting ;  ana,  through. 

Chronology — is  from  the  gr.  logos,  a  word  or  discourse;  chronot,  time. 

Euphony — is  from  the  gr.  eu,  good  or  agreeable ;  phone,  sound. 

E}ataph — is  from  the  gr.  epi,  upon  ;  taphos,  a  tomb. 

Monarch — is  from  the  gr.  arche,  a  chief;  monos,  alone. 

Oxygen — is  from  the  gr.  gennao,  to  produce ;  oxus,  acid. 

Philanthropy— is  from  the  gr.  philos,  a  lover ;  anthropos,  of  man. 

Polytechnics — -is  from  the  gr.  poly,  many  ;  techne,  art 

Phrenology — is  from  the  gr.  logox,  a  discoursing ;  phren,  the  mind. 

Syllable — is  from  the  gi".  lambanoa,  taken;  swi,  together. 

Synthesis — is  from  the  gr.  tithemi,  to  put  or  place ;  sun,  together. 

Thermometer — is  from  the  gr.  metron,  a  measure  ;  and  thermos,  warmth. 

Telescope — is  from  the  gr.  skopeo,  to  spy ;  telos,  the  end. 

Orthography — is  from  the  gr.  grapho,  writing  ;  orthos,  right 

Apogee — is  from  the  gr.  apo,  from  ;  ge,  the  earth. 

Aphelion — is  from  the  gr.  a,  from ;  helios,  the  sun. 

Hydraulics — is  from  the  gr.  hudor,  water ;  and  aulus,  a  pipe. 

Hydrophobia — is  from  the  gr.  phobeo,  fear ;  hudor,  water. 

Polyglot — is  from  the  gr.  poly,  many ;  glotfa,  tongue,  or  language. 

Asteroid — is  from  the  gr.  eidos,  like ;  asiron,  a  star. 

Archipelago — is  from  the  gr.  arche,  chief;  pelagos,  sea. 

Amphibious — is  from  the  gr.  amphi,  about,  or  both ;  bios,  Yifo. 

Prognostic — is  fronj  the  gr.  gnoo,  to  know  ;  pro,  before. 

Diagonal — is  from  thcrgr.  dla,  through ;  gonia,  the  angle. 

Trigonometry — ^is  from  the  gr.  metrco,  to  measure  ;  treis,  three  ,  gr'Uia^ 

Isosceles — is  from  the  gr.  isos,  equal ;  skelos,  legs.  [angle*. 

Apostasy — is  from  the  gr.  istemi,  to  stand ;  apo,  frora. 

Rhinoceros — is  from  the  gr.  keras,  a  horn  ;  rhin,  nose. 

Autocrat — is  from  the  gr.  kratos,  power ;  autos,  one's  sel£ 

Monk — is  from  the  gr.  monos,  one  alone. 

Polynesia — ia  fix>m  the  gr.  po^lvAy  many ;  and  tt^sos^  &n  ial^ 


168  APPENDIX. 

and  Arabia,  are  admitted  to  be  Hebraic,  or  of  the  Chaldean  stock.  Vtie 
ancient  Persian  and  Scythian,  are  troni  the  same  stock.  The  Phoenicians 
carried  their  language  through  Asia  Minor,  and  it  became  tlie  original 
Btock  of  the  Pelasglc,  the  parent  of  tlie  Greek.  From  the  yEolic-Greek, 
with  a  mixture  of  the  Etruscan  and  Sabine  dialects,  originated  the 
Latin.  The  Gothic  and  Celtic  languages,  were  brought  by  colonies 
from  the  regions  of  the  Caspian  and  Euxine  seas,  and  are  in  some 
affinity  with  the  Phoenician  stock. 

Three  successive  streams  of  Eastern  emigration  poured  into  Europe, 
at  an  early  period.  1st.  The  Kimmerians,  or  Kelts.  2d.  The  Scythian, 
or  Gothic  tribes.     8d.  The  Sarmatian,or  Sclavonic  race. 

The  Saxons  wei'e  Germanic,  or  Teutonic  tribes ;  or,  more  anciently, 
Gothic,  or  Scythian. 

From  the  Kimmerian,  or  Keltic  source,  originated  the  Welsli,  Gaelic, 
Irish,  Cornish,  and  Gaulish  languages. 

From  the  great  Gothic,  or  Scythian  stock,  and  its  ramifications  of 
tribes,  originated  the  Saxon,  Anglo-Saxon,  Meso-Gothic,  German,  Swiss, 
Dutch,  Swedish,  Danish,  Norwegian,  Lowland  Scotcli,  and  English 
languages. 

Jrom  the  Sarraatian,  or  Sclavonic  stock,  the  Poles  and  Russians  seem 
to  have  derived  their  origin  and  languages. 

The  infant  state  of  the  Saxons  scarcely  attracted  the  notice  of  the 
Homans.  Tlieir  territorial  limits  were  confined  to  Cimbric  Cherscnesus, 
and  three  small  islands.  In  449  after  Christ,  the  Saxons  entered 
Britain,  and  eventually  became  masters  of  the  island.  From  the  name 
of  one  of  the  Saxon  tribes,  called  Angles,  originated  the  name  of  the 
nation  {Etiglish),  and  the  name  of  the  language  we,  as  Americans, 
speak.     Its  immediate  parent  is  Saxon. 

The  English  language  is  probably  destined  to  be  more  unirenwillj 
■poken,  than  any  other  language  of  the  world. 


THE    END. 


f9<^(j 


l» 


'^Z^ 


i*. 


r\ 


.<* 


\ 


W  t 


■^.  ^* 


^^ 


•  'V 


Af 


.^^. 


?^ 


r 


ii 


I 


rfJ 


'M 


iJ 


i:: 


I 

^1 


55  .y^BCC^^SJaJ^^^' 


SCHOOL  BOOKS 

Published  by  Fhinncy  &  Co., 

188,  MAIN-STREET,  BUFFALO. 


TOWN'S   SCHOOL    BOOi  S,    REVISED. 

•  

T*own's  First  Reader, 
Is  designed  as  the  fir?t  book   for  chih.'.cn.     It  cfompri^es  a  series 
of  pro^iessive-le>soiiR,  commencing  v/ith  the  alphabet  and  advancing 
-to  wordiof  two.^vllfthles.  .        • 

Town's  Second  B.eader,    .192  Pages^ 
Commences  '.vith  words  of  one  .syllable,  involved  in  stories  of  such 
hUerest  as  to  socure  aLieutioa,  a;ul"  of  such  siiTipLicity^as  td  be  easily 
understood. 

Town'y,    Pliird  Reader,     283  Pages, 
Contains   the    iiiom   i)liiin    and    commoa   rules  for   reading,  and 
advances  the.  learner  xo  a.^nore  eievaied  char-icter  of  style. 

The  selections  iii-e  such'  as  la  aPbrd  intc-est,  and  impar^  useful 
.instruction. 

Town'E  Fourth  Rcad'jr.     4{'8  Pages, 
Contains  a  coniplcie  s.^rl.  >•  <;' elocutionary  rules,  v/ith  exercises  to 
iJlu^ratelhtiir  applicafion,  i:.  rladinir  and  speaking  prose  andiijoetry, 
and  choice  selections  from  liie'best  Aiuerican  and  Eaghsh  Authors, 
with  notes,  explanatory  of  cla.ssical  and  historical  allusions. 

Town's  Speller  and  Definer, 

Extens'voly  used  and  appioved. 

Town's  Analysis  of  "Words, 
A  work  universally  approved,  and  already  introduced  into  foreign 
couiitrios,  as  a  key  to  the  English  language. 


Hale's  PremiuT  i  History  cf  the  United  States, 
Improved  Edition,  v.;;  i  Maps,  &c. 

Hedge's  liOgic, 
New  Edition.     Extensively  used  iu  Colleges  and  High  Schools. 

Weld's  English  Grammar, 
Illustrated  by  Exercises  in  Compo;  ition,  Analyzing,  and  Pairsinj^ 


Improved  Edition. 


Weld's  Parsing  Book, 


Containing  Flvil^ s of  Sjntax,  and  Modcljs  tor  Analyzing  and  Tr;*ns 
Qsing,  together  with  Selecti  "  "  '  '^    '        '  """ 

cf  al?.iidara  authorll*r 


posing,  together  with  Selections  of  Prosa  and  Poetry,  from  writers 


